Pharmacology Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the study of the effects of drugs on living organisms?

Pharmacology

What are the two main areas of study in pharmacology?

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

What is the branch of pharmacology that studies the adverse effects of drugs and other substances?

Toxicology

What is the final step in the drug development process, after clinical trials?

<p>FDA approval</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interaction occurs between a drug and an underlying medical condition?

<p>Drug-disease interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a drug that binds to a receptor and partially activates it?

<p>Partial agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of how genetic variations affect an individual's response to drugs?

<p>Pharmacogenomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a drug is distributed throughout the body?

<p>Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of study involves testing drug candidates in laboratory animals?

<p>Preclinical trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a drug that binds to a receptor and blocks its activation?

<p>Antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition and Scope

  • Pharmacology is the study of the effects of drugs on living organisms
  • It involves the discovery, development, and testing of new medications
  • Pharmacology encompasses the study of pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drug) and pharmacodynamics (what the drug does to the body)

Branches of Pharmacology

  • Pharmacokinetics: study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
  • Pharmacodynamics: study of the effects of drugs on the body
  • Toxicology: study of the adverse effects of drugs and other substances
  • Pharmaceutics: study of the development and formulation of drugs
  • Clinical Pharmacology: study of the effectiveness and safety of drugs in humans

Drug Development Process

  1. Discovery: identification of potential drug candidates
  2. Preclinical Trials: testing of drug candidates in laboratory animals
  3. Clinical Trials: testing of drug candidates in humans
  4. FDA Approval: review and approval of drug candidates by the Food and Drug Administration
  5. Post-Marketing Surveillance: ongoing monitoring of drug safety and efficacy after approval

Drug Interactions

  • Drug-Drug Interactions: interactions between two or more drugs
  • Drug-Food Interactions: interactions between drugs and food
  • Drug-Disease Interactions: interactions between drugs and underlying medical conditions

Receptor Pharmacology

  • Receptors: proteins that bind to specific molecules, such as drugs or hormones
  • Agonists: drugs that bind to receptors and activate them
  • Antagonists: drugs that bind to receptors and block their activation
  • Partial Agonists: drugs that bind to receptors and activate them partially

Pharmacogenomics

  • Pharmacogenomics: study of how genetic variations affect an individual's response to drugs
  • Personalized Medicine: tailoring drug therapy to an individual's genetic profile

Definition and Scope

  • Pharmacology is the study of the effects of drugs on living organisms, involving discovery, development, and testing of new medications.
  • It encompasses pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drug) and pharmacodynamics (what the drug does to the body).

Branches of Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics

  • Study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.

Pharmacodynamics

  • Study of the effects of drugs on the body.

Toxicology

  • Study of the adverse effects of drugs and other substances.

Pharmaceutics

  • Study of the development and formulation of drugs.

Clinical Pharmacology

  • Study of the effectiveness and safety of drugs in humans.

Drug Development Process

  • Discovery: identification of potential drug candidates.
  • Preclinical Trials: testing of drug candidates in laboratory animals.
  • Clinical Trials: testing of drug candidates in humans.
  • FDA Approval: review and approval of drug candidates by the Food and Drug Administration.
  • Post-Marketing Surveillance: ongoing monitoring of drug safety and efficacy after approval.

Drug Interactions

  • Drug-Drug Interactions: interactions between two or more drugs.
  • Drug-Food Interactions: interactions between drugs and food.
  • Drug-Disease Interactions: interactions between drugs and underlying medical conditions.

Receptor Pharmacology

  • Receptors: proteins that bind to specific molecules, such as drugs or hormones.
  • Agonists: drugs that bind to receptors and activate them.
  • Antagonists: drugs that bind to receptors and block their activation.
  • Partial Agonists: drugs that bind to receptors and activate them partially.

Pharmacogenomics

  • Pharmacogenomics: study of how genetic variations affect an individual's response to drugs.
  • Personalized Medicine: tailoring drug therapy to an individual's genetic profile.

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Description

Learn about the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms, including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Discover the branches of pharmacology and their roles in developing new medications.

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