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Questions and Answers
What is pharmacology?
What is pharmacology?
The study of biological effects of chemicals.
What are the four main processes in pharmacokinetics?
What are the four main processes in pharmacokinetics?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
What is the difference between the chemical name and the generic name of a drug?
What is the difference between the chemical name and the generic name of a drug?
The chemical name describes its anatomic and molecular structure, while the generic name is an abbreviation of the chemical name.
What does the symbol ® indicate?
What does the symbol ® indicate?
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Which of the following is a route of drug administration?
Which of the following is a route of drug administration?
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What drug form consists of powders compressed into a disc-like shape?
What drug form consists of powders compressed into a disc-like shape?
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Match the following drug forms with their descriptions:
Match the following drug forms with their descriptions:
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What does pharmacodynamics study?
What does pharmacodynamics study?
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The ____ route allows injection of substances directly into the bloodstream.
The ____ route allows injection of substances directly into the bloodstream.
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What is one benefit of administering drugs orally?
What is one benefit of administering drugs orally?
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What happens during the metabolism process of pharmacokinetics?
What happens during the metabolism process of pharmacokinetics?
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Study Notes
Human Body and Chemical Reactions
- The human body operates through complex chemical reactions and processes.
- Pharmacology studies the biological effects of chemicals.
- Drugs are chemicals introduced to cause changes in the body, which processes and eliminates them, affecting chemical reactions.
Pharmacology Basics
- Pharmacokinetics involves absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
- Pharmacodynamics focuses on the biochemical and physical effects of drugs and their action mechanisms.
- Pharmacotherapeutics refers to the use of drugs in preventing and treating diseases.
Drug Name Classifications
- Chemical Name: A precise scientific name describing the drug’s anatomic and molecular structure.
- Generic Name: A simplified abbreviation of the chemical name.
- Trade Name: A brand or proprietary name chosen by the drug company, protected by copyright, indicated by the ® symbol.
Drug Origin
- Drugs can be derived from natural sources (plants, animals, minerals) or synthesized.
- Synthetic drugs are free from impurities found in natural substances.
Drug Administration Routes
- Buccal: Administration between the cheek and gum.
- Sublingual: Placement under the tongue for absorption.
- Translingual: Applied on the tongue.
- Gastric: Direct installation into the gastrointestinal (GI) system for patients unable to swallow.
- Intravenous (IV): Direct injection into the bloodstream through a vein, allowing for precision in administration.
- Oral: Generally the safest and most convenient route for conscious patients.
- Rectal and Vaginal: Treatment for local irritation or infection via suppositories, ointments, or gels.
- Respiratory: Inhalation of gases for rapid absorption, including metered-dose inhalers.
Specialized Infusion Routes
- Epidural: Infusion into the epidural space.
- Intrathecal: Infusion into cerebrospinal fluid.
- Intrapleural: Infusion into the pleural cavity.
- Intraperitoneal: Infusion into the peritoneal cavity.
- Intraosseous: Infusion into the vascular network of long bones.
- Intraarticular: Infusion into a joint.
Drug Forms
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Solid Forms:
- Pills: Spherical drugs for swallowing.
- Tablets: Compressed powder into disc-like shape.
- Suppositories: Mixtures that melt at body temperature.
- Capsules: Gelatin containers filled with powders or tiny pills.
-
Liquid Forms:
- Solutions: Water or oil based.
- Tinctures: Alcohol-extracted preparations.
- Suspensions: Solid particles suspended in a liquid.
- Emulsions: Oily substances in a solvent.
- Spirits: Volatile drugs dissolved in alcohol.
- Elixirs: Alcohol and water mixtures with flavors.
- Syrups: Sugary solutions containing drugs.
Pharmacokinetics Overview
- Pharmacokinetics studies how drugs are absorbed into the body, distributed to tissues, metabolized into excretable forms, and ultimately excreted.
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Description
Explore the fascinating field of pharmacology, which encompasses the study of drug actions, classifications, and the human body's chemical reactions. This quiz covers key concepts such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and the different types of drug names. Test your understanding of how drugs interact with biological systems.