6 Questions
Which branch of pharmacology studies the genetic factors that influence an individual's response to drugs?
Pharmacogenomics
What is the study of the effects of drugs on the body?
Pharmacodynamics
What is the term for the way a drug produces its effect?
Mechanism of action
What is the term for the unintended effects of a drug that are not related to its intended therapeutic effect?
Side effects
What is the stage of drug development where drug candidates are tested in human subjects?
Clinical trials
What is the term for the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs?
Pharmacokinetics
Study Notes
Pharmacology
Definition
- Study of the effects of drugs on living organisms
- Examines the interactions between drugs and biological systems
Branches of Pharmacology
- Pharmacokinetics (PK): study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
- Pharmacodynamics (PD): study of the effects of drugs on the body
- Pharmacogenomics: study of the genetic factors that influence an individual's response to drugs
- Toxicology: study of the adverse effects of drugs
Pharmacological Actions
- Mechanism of action: the way a drug produces its effect
- Receptor binding: drugs bind to specific receptors to produce a response
- Enzyme inhibition: drugs inhibit the activity of enzymes to produce a response
- Ion channel modulation: drugs affect the flow of ions across cell membranes to produce a response
Pharmacological Effects
- Desired effects: the intended therapeutic effects of a drug
- Adverse effects: unwanted effects of a drug
- Side effects: effects of a drug that are not related to its intended therapeutic effect
- Interactions: effects of a drug when taken with other drugs, foods, or substances
Drug Development
- Discovery: identification of potential drug candidates
- Preclinical testing: testing of drug candidates in laboratory and animal studies
- Clinical trials: testing of drug candidates in human subjects
- Approval: regulatory approval of a drug for marketing and use
Definition of Pharmacology
- Study of the effects of drugs on living organisms, examining interactions between drugs and biological systems
Branches of Pharmacology
- Pharmacokinetics (PK): absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs
- Pharmacodynamics (PD): effects of drugs on the body
- Pharmacogenomics: genetic factors influencing an individual's response to drugs
- Toxicology: adverse effects of drugs
Pharmacological Actions
- Mechanism of action: way a drug produces its effect
- Receptor binding: drugs bind to specific receptors to produce a response
- Enzyme inhibition: drugs inhibit enzyme activity to produce a response
- Ion channel modulation: drugs affect ion flow across cell membranes to produce a response
Pharmacological Effects
- Desired effects: intended therapeutic effects of a drug
- Adverse effects: unwanted effects of a drug
- Side effects: effects not related to intended therapeutic effect
- Interactions: effects of a drug with other drugs, foods, or substances
Drug Development
- Discovery: identification of potential drug candidates
- Preclinical testing: laboratory and animal studies of drug candidates
- Clinical trials: testing of drug candidates in human subjects
- Approval: regulatory approval of a drug for marketing and use
Explore the basics of pharmacology, including its definition, branches, and applications. Learn about pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenomics, and toxicology.
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