10 Questions
Which drug is an example of a non-selective COX inhibitor?
Ibuprofen
What is the function of mydriasis?
Dilation of pupils
Which type of receptors do parasympathetic nerves have?
Muscarinic receptors
What is the primary function of Nm receptors?
Mediate skeletal muscle contraction
Which type of receptors are G protein-coupled receptors?
Muscarinic receptors
Which drug is an example of a non-selective COX inhibitor?
Ibuprofen
What is the primary function of Nm receptors?
Muscular contraction
What is the function of mydriasis?
Dilation of pupils
Which type of receptors do parasympathetic nerves have?
Muscarinic receptors
Which type of receptors are G protein-coupled receptors?
$eta$-adrenergic receptors
Study Notes
Opioid Analgesics
- Classified as narcotics or morphine-like analgesics
Non-Opioid Analgesics
- Classified as NSAIDs (Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs) or non-narcotic/aspirin-like analgesics
- NSAIDs inhibit COX (Cyclooxygenase) enzymes, which convert arachidonic acid into prostaglandins
- Non-selective NSAIDs inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2, leading to decreased prostaglandin production
- Selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as meloxicam and celecoxib, only inhibit prostaglandin production
NSAIDs and Ulcers
- NSAIDs can cause ulcers due to decreased prostaglandin PGE2, which regulates mucus secretions
Paracetamol
- Analgesic but poor anti-inflammatory
- Belongs to the P-aminophenol derivatives class
Diclofenac
- Associated with liver dysfunction and failure
Renal Failure
- NSAIDs can cause renal failure due to dilation of GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)
Aspirin
- Causes Reye's syndrome
- Toxicity treated with sodium bicarbonate or dialysis in extreme cases
- Low dose inhibits TXA2 (Thromboxane A2)
- Irreversible inhibition of COX, unlike ibuprofen
COX-2 Inhibitors
- Cause platelet aggregation
Safest NSAID
- Naproxen has the safest cardiovascular risk profile
Test your knowledge of opioid and non-opioid analgesics, including their mechanisms of action and side effects. This quiz covers the effects of COX inhibitors, the differences between opioid and non-opioid analgesics, and the properties of specific drugs like paracetamol.
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