30 Questions
What is the primary function of nuclear receptors?
To regulate gene expression through binding to response elements on DNA
Which type of receptor is activated by the second messenger inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)?
IP3 receptor
What is the common feature of the structure of Nicotinic R-like, ATP R, and Ionotropic glutamate R receptors?
All have multiple subunits with transmembrane helices
Which receptor type is characterized by the presence of 2, 7 transmembrane helices connected by intra- and extracellular loops?
mGLUR receptor
What is the primary function of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)?
To phosphorylate tyrosine residues in response to ligand binding
Which receptor type is involved in the dynamic process of receptor internalization, recycling, or degradation?
Receptor trafficking
What is the primary function of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)?
To activate intracellular signaling pathways through interaction with G-proteins
Which receptor type is characterized by the presence of 5 subunits each made up of 4 transmembrane helices?
Nicotinic R-like receptor
What is the primary function of IP3 receptor?
To release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which receptor type is characterized by the presence of a zinc finger structure?
Nuclear receptors
What is the primary function of ligand binding to nuclear receptors?
To regulate gene expression by binding to response elements on DNA
What is the common feature of the structure of plasma membrane receptors?
The presence of transmembrane helices
What is the primary function of intracellular membrane receptors?
To release Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which type of receptor is characterized by the presence of 3 subunits each made up of 2 transmembrane helices?
ATP R receptors
What is the primary function of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)?
To phosphorylate target proteins
What is the primary function of receptor guanylate cyclase (RGC)?
To produce cyclic GMP
What is the primary function of receptor trafficking?
To control the cellular responsiveness to ligands
Which type of receptor is involved in the regulation of muscle contraction?
Intracellular membrane receptors
What is the primary function of ionotropic glutamate receptors?
To depolarize or hyperpolarize the cell membrane
What is the primary function of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in terms of signaling pathways?
To activate intracellular signaling pathways through interaction with G-proteins
What is the common feature of the structure of Nicotinic R-like, ATP R, and Ionotropic glutamate R receptors?
3 transmembrane helices
What is the primary function of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)?
Dimerisation which leads to phosphorylation
Which type of receptor is characterized by the presence of a zinc finger structure?
Nuclear receptors
What is the primary function of IP3 receptor?
Release of Calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the primary function of receptor guanylate cyclase (RGC)?
Production of cyclic GMP
Which type of receptor is characterized by the presence of 3 subunits each made up of 2 transmembrane helices?
ATP R receptors
What is the primary function of receptor trafficking?
Regulation of cellular responsiveness to ligands
Which type of receptor is involved in the regulation of muscle contraction?
Ryanodine receptor
What is the primary function of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)?
Intracellular signaling through g-proteins
What is the primary function of nuclear receptors?
Regulation of gene expression
Study Notes
Pharmacological Receptors
- Specialised proteins located on the cell surface or within the cell that bind to ligands to initiate a signal cascade
- Can be classified into three main categories: nuclear receptors, plasma membrane receptors, and intracellular receptors
Nuclear Receptors
- Located within the cell nucleus
- Examples: oestrogen receptor, retinoic acid receptor
- Structure: zinc finger structure
- Function: upon ligand binding, binds to response elements on DNA to regulate gene expression
Intracellular Receptors
- Found inside the cell
- Locations: sarcoplasmic reticulum (muscle), endoplasmic reticulum (neurones and other cells)
- Examples: Ryanodine receptor, IP3 receptor
- Ryanodine receptor: activated by Ca2+ and other modulators
- IP3 receptor: activated by the second messenger inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)
Plasma Membrane Receptors
- Located on the cell surface
- Superfamilies: Ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors, Intrinsic enzyme receptors
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
- Types: Nicotinic R-like, ATP R, Ionotropic glutamate R
- Nicotinic R-like: 5 subunits, each with 4 transmembrane helices
- ATP R: 3 subunits, each with 2 transmembrane helices
- Ionotropic glutamate R: 4 subunits, each with 3 transmembrane helices
- Function: binding of ligand causes depolarisation or hyperpolarisation
G-Protein Coupled Receptors
- Types: Rhodopsin-like, mGLUR
- Rhodopsin-like: 7 transmembrane helices
- mGLUR: 2, 7 transmembrane helices connected by intra- and extracellular loops
- Function: activate intracellular signalling pathways through interaction with G-proteins
Intrinsic Enzyme Receptors
- Types: receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), receptor guanylate cyclase (RGC)
- RTK: extra-cellular binding site with intra-cellular tyrosine kinase domain
- RGC: extra-cellular binding site with intra-cellular guanylyl cyclase domain
- Function: dimerisation leads to phosphorylation or production of second messenger
Receptor Trafficking
- Involves dynamic process of receptor internalisation, recycling, or degradation
- Plays a crucial role in signal termination and cellular adaptation
Pharmacological Receptors
- Specialised proteins located on the cell surface or within the cell that bind to ligands to initiate a signal cascade
- Can be classified into three main categories: nuclear receptors, plasma membrane receptors, and intracellular receptors
Nuclear Receptors
- Located within the cell nucleus
- Examples: oestrogen receptor, retinoic acid receptor
- Structure: zinc finger structure
- Function: upon ligand binding, binds to response elements on DNA to regulate gene expression
Intracellular Receptors
- Found inside the cell
- Locations: sarcoplasmic reticulum (muscle), endoplasmic reticulum (neurones and other cells)
- Examples: Ryanodine receptor, IP3 receptor
- Ryanodine receptor: activated by Ca2+ and other modulators
- IP3 receptor: activated by the second messenger inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)
Plasma Membrane Receptors
- Located on the cell surface
- Superfamilies: Ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors, Intrinsic enzyme receptors
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
- Types: Nicotinic R-like, ATP R, Ionotropic glutamate R
- Nicotinic R-like: 5 subunits, each with 4 transmembrane helices
- ATP R: 3 subunits, each with 2 transmembrane helices
- Ionotropic glutamate R: 4 subunits, each with 3 transmembrane helices
- Function: binding of ligand causes depolarisation or hyperpolarisation
G-Protein Coupled Receptors
- Types: Rhodopsin-like, mGLUR
- Rhodopsin-like: 7 transmembrane helices
- mGLUR: 2, 7 transmembrane helices connected by intra- and extracellular loops
- Function: activate intracellular signalling pathways through interaction with G-proteins
Intrinsic Enzyme Receptors
- Types: receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), receptor guanylate cyclase (RGC)
- RTK: extra-cellular binding site with intra-cellular tyrosine kinase domain
- RGC: extra-cellular binding site with intra-cellular guanylyl cyclase domain
- Function: dimerisation leads to phosphorylation or production of second messenger
Receptor Trafficking
- Involves dynamic process of receptor internalisation, recycling, or degradation
- Plays a crucial role in signal termination and cellular adaptation
Pharmacological Receptors
- Specialised proteins located on the cell surface or within the cell that bind to ligands to initiate a signal cascade
- Can be classified into three main categories: nuclear receptors, plasma membrane receptors, and intracellular receptors
Nuclear Receptors
- Located within the cell nucleus
- Examples: oestrogen receptor, retinoic acid receptor
- Structure: zinc finger structure
- Function: upon ligand binding, binds to response elements on DNA to regulate gene expression
Intracellular Receptors
- Found inside the cell
- Locations: sarcoplasmic reticulum (muscle), endoplasmic reticulum (neurones and other cells)
- Examples: Ryanodine receptor, IP3 receptor
- Ryanodine receptor: activated by Ca2+ and other modulators
- IP3 receptor: activated by the second messenger inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)
Plasma Membrane Receptors
- Located on the cell surface
- Superfamilies: Ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors, Intrinsic enzyme receptors
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
- Types: Nicotinic R-like, ATP R, Ionotropic glutamate R
- Nicotinic R-like: 5 subunits, each with 4 transmembrane helices
- ATP R: 3 subunits, each with 2 transmembrane helices
- Ionotropic glutamate R: 4 subunits, each with 3 transmembrane helices
- Function: binding of ligand causes depolarisation or hyperpolarisation
G-Protein Coupled Receptors
- Types: Rhodopsin-like, mGLUR
- Rhodopsin-like: 7 transmembrane helices
- mGLUR: 2, 7 transmembrane helices connected by intra- and extracellular loops
- Function: activate intracellular signalling pathways through interaction with G-proteins
Intrinsic Enzyme Receptors
- Types: receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), receptor guanylate cyclase (RGC)
- RTK: extra-cellular binding site with intra-cellular tyrosine kinase domain
- RGC: extra-cellular binding site with intra-cellular guanylyl cyclase domain
- Function: dimerisation leads to phosphorylation or production of second messenger
Receptor Trafficking
- Involves dynamic process of receptor internalisation, recycling, or degradation
- Plays a crucial role in signal termination and cellular adaptation
This quiz covers the definition and types of pharmacological receptors, including their cellular location and structure. Learn about nuclear, plasma membrane, and intracellular receptors, and their functions.
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