Receptors
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of nuclear receptors?

  • To initiate a signal cascade through G-proteins
  • To facilitate ligand-gated ion channel activity
  • To regulate gene expression through binding to response elements on DNA (correct)
  • To phosphorylate tyrosine residues in response to ligand binding

    • Which type of receptor is activated by the second messenger inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)?

  • Insulin receptor
  • Nicotinic receptor
  • Ryanodine receptor
  • IP3 receptor (correct)

    • What is the common feature of the structure of Nicotinic R-like, ATP R, and Ionotropic glutamate R receptors?

  • All have 7 transmembrane helices
  • All have multiple subunits with transmembrane helices (correct)
  • All have a zinc finger structure
  • All have 4 transmembrane helices

    • Which receptor type is characterized by the presence of 2, 7 transmembrane helices connected by intra- and extracellular loops?

    <p>mGLUR receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)?

    <p>To phosphorylate tyrosine residues in response to ligand binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type is involved in the dynamic process of receptor internalization, recycling, or degradation?

    <p>Receptor trafficking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

    <p>To activate intracellular signaling pathways through interaction with G-proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type is characterized by the presence of 5 subunits each made up of 4 transmembrane helices?

    <p>Nicotinic R-like receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of IP3 receptor?

    <p>To release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type is characterized by the presence of a zinc finger structure?

    <p>Nuclear receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ligand binding to nuclear receptors?

    <p>To regulate gene expression by binding to response elements on DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common feature of the structure of plasma membrane receptors?

    <p>The presence of transmembrane helices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of intracellular membrane receptors?

    <p>To release Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is characterized by the presence of 3 subunits each made up of 2 transmembrane helices?

    <p>ATP R receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)?

    <p>To phosphorylate target proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of receptor guanylate cyclase (RGC)?

    <p>To produce cyclic GMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of receptor trafficking?

    <p>To control the cellular responsiveness to ligands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is involved in the regulation of muscle contraction?

    <p>Intracellular membrane receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ionotropic glutamate receptors?

    <p>To depolarize or hyperpolarize the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in terms of signaling pathways?

    <p>To activate intracellular signaling pathways through interaction with G-proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common feature of the structure of Nicotinic R-like, ATP R, and Ionotropic glutamate R receptors?

    <p>3 transmembrane helices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)?

    <p>Dimerisation which leads to phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is characterized by the presence of a zinc finger structure?

    <p>Nuclear receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of IP3 receptor?

    <p>Release of Calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of receptor guanylate cyclase (RGC)?

    <p>Production of cyclic GMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is characterized by the presence of 3 subunits each made up of 2 transmembrane helices?

    <p>ATP R receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of receptor trafficking?

    <p>Regulation of cellular responsiveness to ligands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is involved in the regulation of muscle contraction?

    <p>Ryanodine receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)?

    <p>Intracellular signaling through g-proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nuclear receptors?

    <p>Regulation of gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacological Receptors

    • Specialised proteins located on the cell surface or within the cell that bind to ligands to initiate a signal cascade
    • Can be classified into three main categories: nuclear receptors, plasma membrane receptors, and intracellular receptors

    Nuclear Receptors

    • Located within the cell nucleus
    • Examples: oestrogen receptor, retinoic acid receptor
    • Structure: zinc finger structure
    • Function: upon ligand binding, binds to response elements on DNA to regulate gene expression

    Intracellular Receptors

    • Found inside the cell
    • Locations: sarcoplasmic reticulum (muscle), endoplasmic reticulum (neurones and other cells)
    • Examples: Ryanodine receptor, IP3 receptor
    • Ryanodine receptor: activated by Ca2+ and other modulators
    • IP3 receptor: activated by the second messenger inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)

    Plasma Membrane Receptors

    • Located on the cell surface
    • Superfamilies: Ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors, Intrinsic enzyme receptors

    Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

    • Types: Nicotinic R-like, ATP R, Ionotropic glutamate R
    • Nicotinic R-like: 5 subunits, each with 4 transmembrane helices
    • ATP R: 3 subunits, each with 2 transmembrane helices
    • Ionotropic glutamate R: 4 subunits, each with 3 transmembrane helices
    • Function: binding of ligand causes depolarisation or hyperpolarisation

    G-Protein Coupled Receptors

    • Types: Rhodopsin-like, mGLUR
    • Rhodopsin-like: 7 transmembrane helices
    • mGLUR: 2, 7 transmembrane helices connected by intra- and extracellular loops
    • Function: activate intracellular signalling pathways through interaction with G-proteins

    Intrinsic Enzyme Receptors

    • Types: receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), receptor guanylate cyclase (RGC)
    • RTK: extra-cellular binding site with intra-cellular tyrosine kinase domain
    • RGC: extra-cellular binding site with intra-cellular guanylyl cyclase domain
    • Function: dimerisation leads to phosphorylation or production of second messenger

    Receptor Trafficking

    • Involves dynamic process of receptor internalisation, recycling, or degradation
    • Plays a crucial role in signal termination and cellular adaptation

    Pharmacological Receptors

    • Specialised proteins located on the cell surface or within the cell that bind to ligands to initiate a signal cascade
    • Can be classified into three main categories: nuclear receptors, plasma membrane receptors, and intracellular receptors

    Nuclear Receptors

    • Located within the cell nucleus
    • Examples: oestrogen receptor, retinoic acid receptor
    • Structure: zinc finger structure
    • Function: upon ligand binding, binds to response elements on DNA to regulate gene expression

    Intracellular Receptors

    • Found inside the cell
    • Locations: sarcoplasmic reticulum (muscle), endoplasmic reticulum (neurones and other cells)
    • Examples: Ryanodine receptor, IP3 receptor
    • Ryanodine receptor: activated by Ca2+ and other modulators
    • IP3 receptor: activated by the second messenger inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)

    Plasma Membrane Receptors

    • Located on the cell surface
    • Superfamilies: Ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors, Intrinsic enzyme receptors

    Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

    • Types: Nicotinic R-like, ATP R, Ionotropic glutamate R
    • Nicotinic R-like: 5 subunits, each with 4 transmembrane helices
    • ATP R: 3 subunits, each with 2 transmembrane helices
    • Ionotropic glutamate R: 4 subunits, each with 3 transmembrane helices
    • Function: binding of ligand causes depolarisation or hyperpolarisation

    G-Protein Coupled Receptors

    • Types: Rhodopsin-like, mGLUR
    • Rhodopsin-like: 7 transmembrane helices
    • mGLUR: 2, 7 transmembrane helices connected by intra- and extracellular loops
    • Function: activate intracellular signalling pathways through interaction with G-proteins

    Intrinsic Enzyme Receptors

    • Types: receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), receptor guanylate cyclase (RGC)
    • RTK: extra-cellular binding site with intra-cellular tyrosine kinase domain
    • RGC: extra-cellular binding site with intra-cellular guanylyl cyclase domain
    • Function: dimerisation leads to phosphorylation or production of second messenger

    Receptor Trafficking

    • Involves dynamic process of receptor internalisation, recycling, or degradation
    • Plays a crucial role in signal termination and cellular adaptation

    Pharmacological Receptors

    • Specialised proteins located on the cell surface or within the cell that bind to ligands to initiate a signal cascade
    • Can be classified into three main categories: nuclear receptors, plasma membrane receptors, and intracellular receptors

    Nuclear Receptors

    • Located within the cell nucleus
    • Examples: oestrogen receptor, retinoic acid receptor
    • Structure: zinc finger structure
    • Function: upon ligand binding, binds to response elements on DNA to regulate gene expression

    Intracellular Receptors

    • Found inside the cell
    • Locations: sarcoplasmic reticulum (muscle), endoplasmic reticulum (neurones and other cells)
    • Examples: Ryanodine receptor, IP3 receptor
    • Ryanodine receptor: activated by Ca2+ and other modulators
    • IP3 receptor: activated by the second messenger inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)

    Plasma Membrane Receptors

    • Located on the cell surface
    • Superfamilies: Ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors, Intrinsic enzyme receptors

    Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

    • Types: Nicotinic R-like, ATP R, Ionotropic glutamate R
    • Nicotinic R-like: 5 subunits, each with 4 transmembrane helices
    • ATP R: 3 subunits, each with 2 transmembrane helices
    • Ionotropic glutamate R: 4 subunits, each with 3 transmembrane helices
    • Function: binding of ligand causes depolarisation or hyperpolarisation

    G-Protein Coupled Receptors

    • Types: Rhodopsin-like, mGLUR
    • Rhodopsin-like: 7 transmembrane helices
    • mGLUR: 2, 7 transmembrane helices connected by intra- and extracellular loops
    • Function: activate intracellular signalling pathways through interaction with G-proteins

    Intrinsic Enzyme Receptors

    • Types: receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), receptor guanylate cyclase (RGC)
    • RTK: extra-cellular binding site with intra-cellular tyrosine kinase domain
    • RGC: extra-cellular binding site with intra-cellular guanylyl cyclase domain
    • Function: dimerisation leads to phosphorylation or production of second messenger

    Receptor Trafficking

    • Involves dynamic process of receptor internalisation, recycling, or degradation
    • Plays a crucial role in signal termination and cellular adaptation

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    Description

    This quiz covers the definition and types of pharmacological receptors, including their cellular location and structure. Learn about nuclear, plasma membrane, and intracellular receptors, and their functions.

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