Pharmacologic Management of Heart Failure
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the treatment goals for heart failure in terms of reducing morbidity?

  • Increasing afterload
  • Relief of symptoms (correct)
  • Decreasing blood volume
  • Reducing preload

    • What is NOT the treatment goals for heart failure in terms of reducing morbidity?

  • Maintaining optimal blood glucose levels (correct)
  • Relief of symptoms
  • Avoid hospital admission
  • Treat underlying or aggravating cause

    • Which class of drugs DO NOT reduces both preload and afterload in the treatment of heart failure?

  • ACE inhibitors/ARBs
  • Aldosterone antagonists
  • Diuretics (correct)
  • β-blockers

    • Which class of drugs improves cardiac contractility in the treatment of heart failure?

    <p>Inotropic agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs DO NOT acts as arterial dilators in the treatment of heart failure?

    <p>Inotropic agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs reduces preload by reducing circulatory volume in the treatment of heart failure?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs reduces afterload by preventing A II formation or blocking the effects of A II in the treatment of heart failure?

    <p>ACE inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs increases myocardial contractility in the treatment of heart failure?

    <p>Inotropic Agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme does Digoxin inhibit to increase intracellular Ca2+?

    <p>Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main clinical use of Digoxin?

    <p>Chronic heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of Digoxin?

    <p>36 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cardiac adverse effects of Digoxin?

    <p>Heart block, arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended monitoring for Digoxin therapy?

    <p>Plasma digoxin monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible reasons to monitor plasma concentrations of Digoxin?

    <p>To detect toxicity or lack of efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance increases the risk of digitalis-induced arrhythmia?

    <p>Hypercalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to decreased elimination of Digoxin?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for ventricular arrhythmias associated with Digoxin toxicity?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do bipyridines inhibit to increase cAMP levels?

    <p>Phosphodiesterase isozyme 3 (PDE-3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of excretion for bipyridines?

    <p>Renal excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common adverse effects of bipyridines?

    <p>Nausea/vomiting, arrhythmia, thrombocytopenia, liver enzyme changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these drugs is NOT a β1 agonist?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is NOT a clinical use of β1 agonists?

    <p>To treat hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these adverse effects is NOT associated with β1 agonists?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the primary mechanism of action (MOA) of beta-1 agonists?

    <p>Stimulate cardiac beta-1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic is recommended for mild edema?

    <p>Thiazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic is recommended for moderate and severe edema?

    <p>Furosemide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic is reported to reduce morbidity and mortality when taken with ACE inhibitors and other agents?

    <p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of diuretics?

    <p>Promote diuresis and reduce circulating blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common reason for diuretic resistance in heart failure management?

    <p>Compensatory increase in renal tubular Na+ reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do diuretics reduce peripheral and pulmonary edema in heart failure?

    <p>By decreasing salt and water retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron do thiazide diuretics primarily act on?

    <p>Distal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diuretic inhibits the sodium channels involved in sodium reabsorption in the cortical collecting duct?

    <p>Potassium-sparing diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do loop diuretics primarily act in the nephron?

    <p>Thick ascending Loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a loop diuretic?

    <p>Hydrochlorothiazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of administration for loop diuretics?

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main clinical use of loop diuretics?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transporter do loop diuretics inhibit in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

    <p>NKCC2 transporter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary route of administration for thiazide diuretics?

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak effect duration of thiazide diuretics?

    <p>4-6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?

    <p>Inhibit aldosterone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary indication for thiazide diuretics?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with an increased risk of digoxin toxicity due to thiazide use?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects is mostly associated with loop diuretics?

    <p>Hypovolaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects is mostly associated with thiazide diuretics?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effect is for either loop diuretics or thiazide diuretics?

    <p>Hyperuricemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects is NOT associated with K+ sparing diuretics?

    <p>Hypokalaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects is associated with EnaC blockers?

    <p>Hyponatraemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily responsible for the metabolism of K+ sparing diuretics?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance is a concern when using K+ sparing diuretics in patients taking ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Hyperkalaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of K+ sparing diuretic inhibits the aldosterone-induced production of sodium transport proteins (Aldosterone-dependent antagonists) at collecting tubules?

    <p>Spirinolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

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