50 Questions
What is one of the treatment goals for heart failure in terms of reducing morbidity?
Relief of symptoms
What is NOT the treatment goals for heart failure in terms of reducing morbidity?
Maintaining optimal blood glucose levels
Which class of drugs DO NOT reduces both preload and afterload in the treatment of heart failure?
Diuretics
Which class of drugs improves cardiac contractility in the treatment of heart failure?
Inotropic agents
Which class of drugs DO NOT acts as arterial dilators in the treatment of heart failure?
Inotropic agents
Which class of drugs reduces preload by reducing circulatory volume in the treatment of heart failure?
Diuretics
Which class of drugs reduces afterload by preventing A II formation or blocking the effects of A II in the treatment of heart failure?
ACE inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers
Which class of drugs increases myocardial contractility in the treatment of heart failure?
Inotropic Agents
Which enzyme does Digoxin inhibit to increase intracellular Ca2+?
Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme
What is the main clinical use of Digoxin?
Chronic heart failure
What is the half-life of Digoxin?
36 hours
What are the cardiac adverse effects of Digoxin?
Heart block, arrhythmias
What is the recommended monitoring for Digoxin therapy?
Plasma digoxin monitoring
What are the possible reasons to monitor plasma concentrations of Digoxin?
To detect toxicity or lack of efficacy
Which electrolyte imbalance increases the risk of digitalis-induced arrhythmia?
Hypercalcemia
Which condition can lead to decreased elimination of Digoxin?
Hypothyroidism
What is the recommended treatment for ventricular arrhythmias associated with Digoxin toxicity?
Phenytoin
Which enzyme do bipyridines inhibit to increase cAMP levels?
Phosphodiesterase isozyme 3 (PDE-3)
What is the main route of excretion for bipyridines?
Renal excretion
What are the common adverse effects of bipyridines?
Nausea/vomiting, arrhythmia, thrombocytopenia, liver enzyme changes
Which one of these drugs is NOT a β1 agonist?
Epinephrine
Which one of these is NOT a clinical use of β1 agonists?
To treat hypertension
Which one of these adverse effects is NOT associated with β1 agonists?
Hypotension
Which one of these is the primary mechanism of action (MOA) of beta-1 agonists?
Stimulate cardiac beta-1 receptors
Which diuretic is recommended for mild edema?
Thiazide
Which diuretic is recommended for moderate and severe edema?
Furosemide
Which diuretic is reported to reduce morbidity and mortality when taken with ACE inhibitors and other agents?
Spironolactone
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of diuretics?
Promote diuresis and reduce circulating blood volume
Which of the following is a common reason for diuretic resistance in heart failure management?
Compensatory increase in renal tubular Na+ reabsorption
How do diuretics reduce peripheral and pulmonary edema in heart failure?
By decreasing salt and water retention
Which part of the nephron do thiazide diuretics primarily act on?
Distal convoluted tubule
Which type of diuretic inhibits the sodium channels involved in sodium reabsorption in the cortical collecting duct?
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Where do loop diuretics primarily act in the nephron?
Thick ascending Loop of Henle
Which of the following is NOT an example of a loop diuretic?
Hydrochlorothiazide
What is the main route of administration for loop diuretics?
Oral
What is the main clinical use of loop diuretics?
Heart failure
Which transporter do loop diuretics inhibit in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
NKCC2 transporter
Which of the following is the primary route of administration for thiazide diuretics?
Oral
What is the peak effect duration of thiazide diuretics?
4-6 hours
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?
Inhibit aldosterone secretion
Which of the following is the primary indication for thiazide diuretics?
Hypertension
Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with an increased risk of digoxin toxicity due to thiazide use?
Hypokalemia
Which of the following adverse effects is mostly associated with loop diuretics?
Hypovolaemia
Which of the following adverse effects is mostly associated with thiazide diuretics?
Hyperglycemia
Which of the following adverse effect is for either loop diuretics or thiazide diuretics?
Hyperuricemia
Which of the following adverse effects is NOT associated with K+ sparing diuretics?
Hypokalaemia
Which of the following adverse effects is associated with EnaC blockers?
Hyponatraemia
Which organ is primarily responsible for the metabolism of K+ sparing diuretics?
Liver
Which electrolyte imbalance is a concern when using K+ sparing diuretics in patients taking ACE inhibitors?
Hyperkalaemia
Which type of K+ sparing diuretic inhibits the aldosterone-induced production of sodium transport proteins (Aldosterone-dependent antagonists) at collecting tubules?
Spirinolactone
Test your knowledge on the key factors contributing to cardiac performance in heart failure. Explore preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate in this quiz on the pharmacologic management of heart failure.
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