Pharmacokinetics Overview
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Pharmacokinetics Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which dosage form of a drug is typically absorbed the quickest?

  • Tablet
  • Capsule
  • Solid powder
  • Liquid form (correct)

    • Which route of administration has no absorption process?

  • Subcutaneous
  • Intramuscular (IM)
  • Oral
  • Intravenous (IV) (correct)

    • In passive diffusion, which concentration gradient favors drug absorption?

  • Equal concentrations on both sides
  • Concentrated solution to diluted solution (correct)
  • Diluted solution to concentrated solution
  • No concentration gradient present

    • Which factor does NOT modify the absorption of drugs?

    <p>Environmental temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of drugs administered by the IM route compared to the oral route?

    <p>Typically absorbed slower than liquid forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pharmacokinetics primarily study?

    <p>The fate of the drug in the organism as a function of time and dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of liberation in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>The release of drug from its formulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the process of a substance entering the blood circulation?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by distribution in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>The dispersion of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the irreversible transformation of compounds?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dosage forms does not undergo the release process?

    <p>Solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does excretion refer to in the context of pharmacokinetics?

    <p>The elimination of substances from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these processes directly follows liberation?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary barrier to drug absorption in oral administration?

    <p>Digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration has the fastest onset of action?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor negatively influences the absorption of drugs taken orally?

    <p>Ionized particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the parenteral administration route, what is a disadvantage associated with this method?

    <p>Requires specialized sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about topical administration is true?

    <p>Damaged skin enhances permeability for drug absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bioavailability in drug absorption?

    <p>It determines the absorption efficiency of a drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor enhances absorption when using the oral route?

    <p>Acidic drug properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does subcutaneous administration compare to intramuscular administration in terms of absorption speed?

    <p>Intramuscular is faster than subcutaneous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does bioavailability (F) specifically represent in pharmacology?

    <p>The fraction of the administered dose of a drug that enters systemic circulation in its active form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is least likely to affect the bioavailability of a drug?

    <p>Rate of intravenous administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the absolute bioavailability for an orally administered drug most accurately determined?

    <p>By comparing the AUC of the oral dosage with that of IV administration, dose normalized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Area Under the Curve (AUC) represent in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>The total drug concentration in blood over time after administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about IV bioavailability is correct?

    <p>IV bioavailability is considered to be 100%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Pharmacokinetics is the study of how the body interacts with a drug over time. It includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

    Liberation

    • Liberation is the release of a drug from its formulation.
    • Drugs in solutions do not require liberation, while other forms, like tablets or capsules, need to dissolve for absorption.

    Absorption

    • Absorption is the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream.
    • The drug must cross biological membranes, influenced by factors like solubility, concentration, absorption surface area, blood flow at the site of administration, and the route of administration.

    Factors Affecting Absorption

    • Drug concentration: More concentrated solutions are absorbed faster than diluted ones.
    • Dosage form: Solutions are absorbed faster than capsules or tablets. Smaller particles lead to better absorption.
    • Routes of administration:
      • Immediate or direct: Drugs reach their target directly, bypassing any alteration.
      • Mediate or indirect: Drugs are absorbed through skin or mucous membranes, and may undergo alteration.
    • Administration route characteristics:
      • Intravenous (IV): Fastest, immediate action, 100% bioavailability, no absorption process.
      • Intramuscular (IM): Faster than oral, several minutes to start.
      • Subcutaneous (SC): Slower than IM due to less vascularization, several minutes to start.
      • Oral: Most common, 30-60 minutes to start, absorption depends on factors like lipiphilicity, stomach emptiness, acidity, and particle size.
      • Sublingual: Several minutes to start, avoids first-pass metabolism.
      • Rectal: 15-30 minutes, good for drugs that irritate the stomach.
      • Topical: 1 hour to start, systemic absorption depends on drug lipophility.

    Bioavailability

    • Bioavailability (F) represents the fraction of a drug that enters the bloodstream in its active form.
    • IV administration has 100% bioavailability. Other routes have lower bioavailability.
    • Bioavailability is influenced by absorption, distribution, and metabolism.
    • Bioavailability is measured by calculating the Area Under the Curve (AUC).

    Area Under the Curve (AUC)

    • AUC is a measure of the total amount of plasma drug over time, after IV or non-IV administration.

    Absolute Bioavailability

    • Absolute bioavailability compares the bioavailability of non-IV routes to IV administration.
    • It is dose-normalized.
    • F=1 for IV administration.
    • Other routes have F values less than 1, reflecting the portion of the drug that reaches the bloodstream.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of pharmacokinetics, including liberation, absorption, and the factors that affect drug absorption. Test your understanding of how drugs interact with the body over time and the various stages involved in this process.

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