Pharmacokinetics Optimization Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which factors predominantly influence the absorption of drugs according to their physicochemical properties?

  • Molecular weight and solubility
  • Melting point and boiling point
  • Ionization and saturation levels
  • Log P and pKa (correct)
  • Which drug is noted for having low polarity and high absorption?

  • Steric Shield drug
  • Acetyl Choline
  • Valacyclovir
  • Acyclovir (correct)
  • What technique is used to enhance metabolic stability by protecting esters or amides from hydrolysis?

  • Steric shields (correct)
  • Acetylation
  • Hydrogenation
  • Prodrug formation
  • Which statement about Valacyclovir is accurate?

    <p>It is a prodrug that enhances absorption by masking a hydroxyl group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue does Acetyl Choline face that affects its pharmacokinetics?

    <p>Dynamic and kinetic problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the steric shield in the context of drug stability?

    <p>It prevents the drug from being hydrolyzed by enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modification to acetylcholine results in the creation of Bethanechol?

    <p>Addition of a methyl group and an electron-donating group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chemical structure is Lido Procaine?

    <p>An ester.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Megesterol acetate improve metabolic stability?

    <p>By replacing a hydrogen with an OCOCH3 group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of methacholine contributes to its stability against hydrolysis?

    <p>Steric shield created by a methyl group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Optimizing Pharmacokinetic Properties

    • Improving Absorption: Log P and pKa are key physicochemical properties controlling absorption. High or low values of log P correlate with reduced absorption.
    • Examples: Acyclovir has poor absorption due to high polarity, requiring administration 6-8 times daily. Valacyclovir (a prodrug) is better absorbed (85-90%), allowing for a twice-daily dose. Drug optimization involves adjusting alkyl substituents (drug latentiation).

    Improving Metabolic Stability

    • Techniques: Steric shielding protects amide or ester groups from esterase/amidase enzymes, improving stability. Bulkier tert-butyl groups are examples of steric shields.

    Electronic Effects

    • Acetylcholine: Electron-donating groups, like methyl groups, increase metabolic stability. Replacing a methyl group with another group, like amino, can improve stabilization. This method is called electronic effect.

    Stereoelectronic Modification

    • Acetylcholine: Adding methyl groups creates a steric shield, enhancing stability, particularly against hydrolysis. This is steric electronic modification.

    Metabolic Blockers

    • Progesterone: Modifying the C17 position, for instance, by adding OCOCH3 groups, can improve metabolic stability by blocking metabolic pathways. Example : Megesterol acetate.

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    Related Documents

    Drug Design Lecture 1 PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of pharmacokinetic properties and strategies for optimizing them, including absorption, metabolic stability, and electronic effects. This quiz covers key concepts such as Log P, pKa, and steric shielding, necessary for improving drug formulation.

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