5 Questions
What is the typical onset of action for dicyclomine when taken orally?
1-2 hours
Which medication has the longest half-life when administered transdermally?
Oxybutynin
What percentage of benztropine is excreted unchanged in the urine?
Unknown
Which medication has the highest oral bioavailability?
Atropine
What is the typical duration of action for fesoterodine when taken orally?
12-13 hours for extensive metabolizers, 19 hours for poor metabolizers
Study Notes
Pharmacokinetics of Antimuscarinics
- Atropine: peak concentration in 30-60 minutes, duration of action 4-6 hours, 77%-94% excreted in urine.
- Benztropine: peak concentration in 1-2 hours, duration of action several days, elimination half-life 6-10 hours.
Dicyclomine
- Peak concentration in 1-2 hours, duration of action 60-90 minutes, elimination half-life 9-10 hours, 80% excreted in urine, 10% in feces.
Darifenacin
- Peak concentration unknown, duration of action 7 hours, elimination half-life 12-13 hours (EM), 19 hours (PM), 60% excreted in urine, 40% in feces.
Fesoterodine
- Peak concentration unknown, duration of action 5 hours, elimination half-life 7 hours, 70% excreted in urine as active metabolite, 7% in feces.
Propantheline
- Peak concentration in 30-60 minutes, duration of action 2-6 hours, elimination half-life 6 hours, inactivated in upper small intestine.
Oxybutynin
Tablets and Syrup
- Peak concentration in 30-60 minutes, duration of action 3-6 hours, elimination half-life 6-10 hours.
Transdermal and Gel
- Peak concentration within 24 hours, duration of action 36 hours, elimination half-life 3-4 days, 7-8 hours.
Test your knowledge on the pharmacokinetics of anticholinergic drugs such as Atropine, Benztropine, Dicyclomine, Darifenacin, Fesoterodine, and Propantheline. Learn about their onset of action, duration of effects, and routes of elimination.
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