Opioids

Which opioid is 5 times more potent than morphine and suitable for PCA and intrathecal administration?

What is the primary metabolite of hydromorphone responsible for its neuroexcitatory effects?

Which opioid has a partition coefficient of 525 and 5 times more lipid-soluble than morphine?

Select the opioid agonist-antagonist agent that stimulates presynaptic serotonin release in the descending inhibitory pain pathways.

Which enzyme interference can prolong the metabolism of fentanyl?

What is the principal portion that binds sufentanil in terms of protein binding?

What is the primary route of excretion for sufentanil?

How does sufentanil's context-sensitive half-time compare to alfentanil for infusions up to 8 hours?

Which of the following cardiovascular effects is associated with sufentanil?

What is the primary mechanism of action for opioid agonists in producing antinociception?

Where are the opioid receptors located in the brain according to the text?

Which classification of opioids includes molecules that bind specifically to opioid receptors but produce both agonistic and antagonistic effects?

What is the primary role of endogenous opioid peptides like endorphins?

Where are peripheral opioid receptors synthesized according to the text?

What is the effect of hyperpolarization in neurons within afferent pain pathways?

What is the reason for the rapid onset of Alfentanil?

What is the primary route of metabolism for Remifentanil?

Which factor does NOT contribute to the context-sensitive half-time prolongation following a Remifentanil infusion?

Which side effect is NOT commonly associated with Remifentanil?

Which of the following is a clinical use of opioid antagonists?

What is a concern associated with naloxone administration?

What is the mechanism behind opioid-induced hyperalgesia?

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of serotonin syndrome?

What is the main concern with long-term or high-dose opioid treatment?

What is the potential concern when administering naloxone in large doses?

Which receptor does naloxone exhibit the greatest affinity for?

Which option correctly describes the mechanism behind opioid tolerance?

Hydromorphone is 5 times less potent than morphine.

Tramadol is an opioid agonist-antagonist agent that stimulates catecholamine release.

Pentazocine is the analgesic agent that stimulates presynaptic serotonin release in the descending inhibitory pain pathways.