38 Questions
Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement throughout the body.
True
Routes of drug administration include oral, nasal, rectal, and intrathecal/intraventricular.
True
The blood-brain barrier prevents the absorption of drugs into the central nervous system.
True
Topical application is used when a systemic effect of the drug is desired.
False
Passive diffusion involves the movement of a drug from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
False
Drugs that are highly lipid-soluble are more likely to pass through the blood-brain barrier.
True
True or false: The most important consequence of drug metabolism is the conversion of hydrophilic drugs into more lipid soluble forms.
False
True or false: The First Pass Effect refers to the rapid metabolism of a drug in the liver or gut wall during its initial passage through the portal circulation.
True
True or false: Prodrugs are designed to decrease drug bioavailability and increase toxicity.
False
True or false: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the drug concentration in the body to reduce by half.
True
Which route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin?
Transdermal
Which process involves the movement of a drug into the bloodstream after administration?
Drug absorption
What is the driving force for passive diffusion of a drug?
Concentration gradient
Which type of absorption relies on a carrier protein to move the drug from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Facilitated diffusion
Which process involves the transport of drugs of exceptionally large size across the cell membrane by engulfing the drug particles in a vesicle?
Endocytosis
Which route of drug administration provides rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium?
Inhalation
Which route of drug administration is used when local, rapid effects are needed and drugs need to be introduced directly into the cerebrospinal fluid?
Intrathecal
Which route of drug administration refers to the absorption of drugs from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues?
Absorption
Which barrier typically delays or prevents the absorption of drugs into the central nervous system?
Blood-brain barrier
Which term refers to the study of drug movement throughout the body?
Pharmacokinetics
Which organ is the most important for drug excretion?
Kidney
What is the purpose of a prodrug?
To improve drug bioavailability and pharmacokinetics
What is the primary route of drug excretion?
Urine
What is the purpose of a loading dose?
To maintain drug concentration at steady state
What is the process of moving drugs from blood to urine through tubular 'pumps' called?
Active transport
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Pharmacokinetics = The study of drug movement throughout the body Absorption = What happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues Oral/Nasal Inhalations = Routes of administration that provide rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium Intrathecal and Intraventricular = Routes of administration used when local, rapid effects are needed and drugs need to be introduced directly into the cerebrospinal fluid
Match the routes of drug administration with their descriptions:
Enteral = Oral (Enteric Coated and Extended Release), Sublingual and Buccal Parenteral = IV, IM, SC, ID Topical = Applied on the skin Rectal = Administered through the rectum
Match the routes of administration with their drug delivery methods:
Oral inhalation and nasal preparation = Rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium Intrathecal/intraventricular = Direct introduction of drugs into the cerebrospinal fluid for local, rapid effects Oral (Enteric Coated and Extended Release) = Slow release of drug for prolonged effect Sublingual and Buccal = Rapid absorption into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes in the mouth
Match the routes of drug administration with their corresponding areas of absorption:
Oral or rectal = Through the GI tract Through mucous membranes = Sublingual, buccal, nasal, or inhalation routes Through the skin = Topical or transdermal Through the lung = Inhalation Through muscle or subcutaneous tissues = Intramuscular or subcutaneous injection
Match the following drug absorption methods with their descriptions:
Passive Diffusion = Movement of a drug from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration without a carrier Facilitated Diffusion = Relies on a carrier protein to move the drug from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Active Transport = Requires a carrier to move the drug against a concentration gradient, requiring energy Endocytosis = Used to transport drugs of exceptionally large size across the cell membrane by engulfing the drug particles in a vesicle
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Bioavailability = The amount of drug that reaches in the bloodstream First-pass hepatic metabolism = A factor that influences bioavailability Distribution = The movement of the drug from the circulation to body tissues Protein Binding = The more bound to the protein, the more difficult it can before the medication to be released and able to cross membranes to get to the tissue cells
Match the following routes of drug administration with their effects:
Topical = Used when a local effect of the drug is desired Transdermal = Achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal patch IV = Has 100% bioavailability Orally = Has less than 100% bioavailability
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Metabolism (Biotransformation) = The chemical alteration of drug structure Blood-Brain Barrier = A protective system that keeps many things away from the CNS Placenta and Breast Milk = Many drugs readily pass through the placenta and affect the developing fetus, and many other drugs are secreted into breast milk LIVER = The primary site of metabolism
Match the following factors with their influence on drug distribution:
Vascular permeability and permeability of cell membranes = Influences drug distribution Regional blood flow and pH = Influences drug distribution Cardiac output, Tissue perfusion = Influences drug distribution The ability of the drug to bind tissue and plasma proteins = Influences drug distribution
Match the following terms to their definitions:
First Pass Effect = The rapid metabolism of a drug in the liver or gut wall during its initial passage through the portal circulation Prodrug = A compound that is metabolized into an active pharmacologic substance Half-Life (t½) = The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half Loading Dose = Large initial dose of drug administration
Match the following processes to their descriptions:
Glomerular Filtration = Filtration moves drugs from blood to urine Passive Reabsorption = Lipid-soluble drugs move back into the blood Active transport = Tubular 'pumps' for organic acids and bases move drugs from blood to urine Steady State = Occurs when the amount of drug being administered is the same as the amount of drug being eliminated
Match the following terminologies with their meanings:
Steady State = It occurs when the amount of drug being administered is the same as the amount of drug being eliminated Loading Dose = Large initial dose of drug administration First Pass Effect = When a drug is absorbed from the GI tract, it enters the portal circulation before entering the systemic circulation Half-Life (t½) = It is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half
Match the following terms to their definitions:
Drug Excretion = The removal of drugs from the body Prodrug = A compound that is metabolized into an active pharmacologic substance First Pass Effect = The rapid metabolism of a drug in the liver or gut wall during its initial passage through the portal circulation Half-Life (t½) = The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half
Test your knowledge on pharmacokinetics and drug therapy with this quiz! Explore the movement of drugs throughout the body and learn why nurses need to understand pharmacokinetics in drug administration. Brush up on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs in this informative quiz.
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