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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the fraction of an uncharged drug that reaches systemic circulation after administration?
Which term refers to the drug's primary effect?
Which route of drug administration is most likely associated with the first-pass effect?
Which enzyme type is known to be inhibited by estrogen?
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What effect does adrenaline have when injected with a local anesthetic?
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Which statement best describes the half-life (t½) of a drug?
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What study focuses on drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?
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Which drug acts as an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist with aphrodisiac properties?
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Which drug is known for inducing tachyphylaxis?
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What role does the blood-brain barrier play in drug administration?
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Study Notes
Pharmacokinetics
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Bioavailability: The fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration.
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Therapeutic effect: Also known as the drug's primary effect.
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Oral: Route of administration most likely to lead to the first-pass effect.
Drug Interactions
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Estrogen: A liver microsomal enzyme inhibitor.
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Adrenaline: Can be injected with a local anesthetic to prolong its duration.
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Half-life (t½): The time required to reduce the amount of a drug in plasma by half during the elimination.
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Catecholamines: Adrenaline is a catecholamine used for the prolongation of action of local anesthetics.
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Physiological antagonism: The type of antagonism that exists between adrenaline and histamine.
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Magnesium sulfate: An example of a drug that produces qualitatively different actions when administered through various routes.
Blood-Brain Barrier
- Blood-brain barrier: Restricts the entry of many drugs into the brain and is constituted by P-glycoprotein efflux carriers in brain capillary cells.
Adrenergic Drugs
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Adrenaline: Metabolized by MAO and COMT.
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Phentolamine: Induces orthostatic hypotension as a side effect.
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Amphetamine: Produces its effects indirectly by enhancing the release of catecholamine.
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Reserpine: Used for the treatment of hypertension through its inhibitory action on noradrenaline storage.
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Guanethidine: Used for the treatment of hypertension through its inhibitory action on noradrenaline release.
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Atenolol: A cardio-selective beta blocker with no pulmonary side effects.
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Atenolol: Suitable for treating angina in asthmatic patients.
Additional Notes
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Vohimbine: An alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist with aphrodisiac activities.
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Ephedrine: A noncatecholamine dual-acting adrenergic drug that induces tachyphylaxis.
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Description
Test your knowledge on pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and the blood-brain barrier. This quiz covers essential concepts such as bioavailability, therapeutic effects, and the impact of different routes of administration on drug action. Challenge yourself to understand how drugs behave in the body and interact with one another.
