38 Questions
What is the mechanism by which drug-carrying nanoparticles pass through leaky vasculature to accumulate at the pathology site?
Charge-mediated transport
Which factor is important for 'Stealth' In Vivo: Long Circulating Nanoparticle Systems?
High grafting density
Which type of nanoparticles are mentioned in the text as a part of Multistage Nanomedicine?
Plant Virus NPs
Which research institution is associated with the development of Platelet-mimetic polymeric particles?
CWRU
What does the term ADME stand for in the context of pharmacokinetics?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
What is the role of polymers in drug delivery?
Control/manipulation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
What is the main advantage of engineered/controlled drug delivery over conventional delivery?
Less risk of overdose
Which process affects the concentration at the site of drug action?
Distribution
What is the definition of pharmacokinetics?
Quantification of drug processes in the body
What is the function of polymers in drug delivery?
Control/manipulation of pharmacokinetics
What are the typical paths that lead to different ADME paths in drug delivery?
Delivery paths
What is the primary concern associated with conventional drug delivery?
Risk of overdose
Which type of nanoparticles are mentioned in the text as a part of Multistage Nanomedicine?
Spheroidal PLGA particles
What is the primary concern associated with conventional drug delivery?
Non-specific drug distribution
What is the role of polymers in drug delivery?
Controlling drug release kinetics
What is the main advantage of engineered/controlled drug delivery over conventional delivery?
Targeted drug delivery
Which one of these best describes the role of polymers in drug delivery?
Controlling and manipulating pharmacokinetics and drug delivery paths
What is the primary function of controlled drug delivery?
Reducing the risk of overdose and ensuring consistent action
In the context of drug delivery, what does the term 'ADME' refer to?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination
What is the main advantage of engineered/controlled drug delivery over conventional delivery?
Single dosing and reduced risk of overdose
How do drugs reach the site of action in the body?
They are distributed in the body by blood or local mechanisms
What is the process of biotransformation of drugs primarily influenced by?
Interactions with plasma proteins and enzymes
What is the main concern associated with conventional drug delivery?
Risk of overdose and fluctuating action
What is the role of pharmacokinetics in drug delivery?
Quantifying processes such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Match the following with their role in drug delivery:
ADME = Quantification of drug processes Pharmacokinetics = Control and manipulation of drug processes Polymers = Large chains formed from sub-units Controlled delivery = Complicated design and single dosing
Match the following with their impact on drug distribution:
Distribution = Affects concentration at site of action Engineered/Controlled delivery = Less risk of overdose Conventional delivery = Risk of overdose ADME = Quantification of drug processes
Match the following with their role in drug pharmacodynamics:
Pharmacokinetics = Control/manipulation of drug processes Controlled delivery = Consistent action Conventional delivery = Fluctuating action ADME = Quantification of drug processes
Match the following with their primary function in drug delivery:
Polymers = Control/manipulation of pharmacokinetics Engineered/Controlled delivery = Complicated design/administration Conventional delivery = Repeated dosing Pharmacokinetics = Quantification of drug processes
Match the following types of nanoparticles with their associated research institutions:
Multistage Silica NPs = Methodist Hospital, Texas Spheroidal PLGA particles = University of Michigan Plant Virus NPs = Case Western Reserve University Nanochains = Case Western Reserve University
Match the following nanoparticle design approaches with their respective researchers:
Tao et al. = Exp Biol & Med Eng, 2011 Decuzzi et al. = Annals Biomed Eng, 2005 Ferrari et al. = Methodist Hospital, Texas Steinmetz et al. = Case Western Reserve University
Match the following nanoparticle design methods with their primary characteristics:
Lithographic imprinting of designer NPs = Designer nanoparticles Platelet-mimetic polymeric particles = Mimic platelet behavior Nanochains = Chains of nanoparticles Spheroidal PLGA particles = Spherical PLGA particles
Match the following surface modification approaches with their effects on nanoparticle behavior:
High grafting density = Limited surface coverage Low grafting density = Entropy loss Hydration (steric) barrier defects = Dehydration, micellization and membrane destabilization Chargemediated = Transport channels
Match the following types of polymeric drug delivery systems with their descriptions:
Matrix (monolithic) devices = Devices with specific drug release mechanisms Reservoir (often membrane-controlled) devices = Devices with specific drug release mechanisms Stimuli-responsive hydrogels = Polymeric drug delivery devices that can undergo physical or chemical changes Surface-eroding polymers = Polymeric drug delivery devices that can undergo physical or chemical changes
Match the following polymer sources with their methods of obtaining polymers:
Natural sources = Obtained through processing Synthesis from chemical feedstocks = Obtained through synthesis Semi-synthetic systems = Obtained through physical blending or chemical conjugation Chemical conjugation = Method of obtaining polymers
Match the following parameters in drug delivery systems with their considerations:
Drug loading = Consideration in drug delivery systems Drug release kinetics = Consideration in drug delivery systems Mechanism of drug release = Consideration in drug delivery systems Fate of the polymer carrier in the body = Consideration in drug delivery systems
Match the following types of biomedical nanoparticles with their advantages:
Quantum dots = Provide advantages like site-specific delivery Liposomes = Provide advantages like minimal side effects Gold nanoshells = Provide advantages like targeted drug delivery to diseased cells Nanoparticles = Provide advantages like targeted drug delivery to diseased cells
Match the following types of polymeric drug delivery systems with their main characteristics:
Non-degradable polymers = Utilized in drug delivery systems Degradable polymers = Utilized in drug delivery systems Synthetic hydrogels like collagen-GAG = Examples of polymers utilized in drug delivery systems Natural hydrogels like alginate = Examples of polymers utilized in drug delivery systems
Match the following drug delivery systems with their specific characteristics:
Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems = Offer specific drug delivery mechanisms for various medical applications Engineered delivery devices like hollow microneedle arrays = Offer specific drug delivery mechanisms for various medical applications Drug-eluting stents = Offer specific drug delivery mechanisms for various medical applications Nanoparticles in medicine = Offer specific drug delivery mechanisms for various medical applications
Study Notes
Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems Overview
- Polymers used in drug delivery systems include natural (e.g., alginates, cellulose, collagen) and synthetic (e.g., PLGA, PCL) types, with properties influenced by both chemistry and physics.
- Polymers are obtained through processing natural sources, synthesis from chemical feedstocks, or semi-synthetic systems via physical blending or chemical conjugation.
- Parameters to consider in drug delivery systems include drug loading, drug release kinetics, mechanism of drug release, and the fate of the polymer carrier in the body.
- Types of polymeric drug delivery systems include matrix (monolithic) devices and reservoir (often membrane-controlled) devices, each with specific drug release mechanisms.
- Polymeric drug delivery devices can undergo physical or chemical changes, such as stimuli-responsive hydrogels, surface-eroding polymers, and bulk-degrading polymers.
- Non-degradable and degradable polymers are utilized in drug delivery systems, with examples including synthetic and natural hydrogels like collagen-GAG and alginate.
- Chemical loading in drug delivery systems involves stimuli-responsive mechanisms that respond to changes in pH or temperature, affecting drug release.
- Self-assembly systems, such as liposomes and micelles, are formed via the assembly of lipids, block copolymers, or lipid-polymer conjugates, influencing drug loading and release.
- Design criteria for polymer selection in drug delivery systems include convenient synthesis, physico-chemical characteristics, controlled release mechanisms, and biological compatibility.
- Osmotically controlled drug delivery systems and engineered delivery devices, like hollow microneedle arrays and drug-eluting stents, offer specific drug delivery mechanisms for various medical applications.
- Nanoparticles in medicine, such as quantum dots, liposomes, and gold nanoshells, provide advantages like site-specific delivery, minimal side effects, and targeted drug delivery to diseased cells.
- Biomedical nanoparticles can be engineered to biodegrade naturally after action, and additional biological mechanisms can be exploited to enhance therapeutic effects.
Test your knowledge of pharmacokinetics and drug delivery with this quiz. Explore how drugs enter the body and are distributed to reach their site of action. Gain insights into the barriers to entry and distribution mechanisms.
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