Pharmacokinetic Models Overview

<p>As rapidly equilibrating and slowly equilibrating tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All relevant organs based on drug characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiologically based compartment models (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissues with no drug penetration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selecting the simplest model before refinement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Based on the size of organs and blood flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employment of differential equations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To describe the fate of a drug in a biological system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration change of a drug with time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmaceutical manufacturing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the process of model fitting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To calculate optimum dosage regimens for individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rate = Qt(Cin - Cout) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The possible accumulation in the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They correlate drug concentration with pharmacologic activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ratio of drug concentration in tissue to drug concentration in blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma drug levels at various times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clearance and elimination constants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cin, Cout, and blood flow rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To describe the complex biological system and drug movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The best fitting of the model to the data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological model with binding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration of drug leaving the tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flow limited physiologic model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cven = Ct / Pt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membrane permeability resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A simplified representation of complex processes within the body, specifically focusing on how a drug moves and changes over time.

The study of how a drug's concentration changes within the body over time.

The four processes that influence the fate of a drug in the body: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion.

The process of fitting observed data to a mathematical model to determine how well the model represents the real-world situation.

A measure of how well a model describes the real-world data, often evaluated statistically.

Describing the underlying processes involved in a drug's movement and transformation within the body.

Predicting drug levels in various parts of the body, such as plasma, tissues, and urine, after drug administration.

Determining the ideal dosage schedule for each individual patient.

Estimating the potential accumulation of drug and its byproducts in the body.

Minimizing the risk of harmful effects and side reactions associated with drug use.

Mathematical models that represent drug movement and disposition in the body, based on blood flow and the organs the drug reaches. They incorporate known anatomy, physiology, and blood perfusion of the species under study.

Tissues grouped together because they reach equilibrium with the drug quickly.

Tissues grouped together because they reach equilibrium with the drug slowly.

These models use real anatomy and physiology to describe how drugs move through the body.

Drug concentrations are measured in each compartment, based on actual organ sizes and blood flow.

The number of tissues in a model depends on the specific drug being studied.

These models require differential equations to describe drug concentrations in each compartment.

Physiologic models allow for the translation of drug data between different species, making it easier to study drugs in humans.

The size and mass of compartments are determined from actual physiological measurements.

Building a physiologic model involves choosing the relevant organs for the study, based on the drug's properties.

Physiologic pharmacokinetic models account for the specific anatomy and physiology of the body, considering factors like organs, tissues, and blood flow.

Blood perfusion models consider drug movement based on blood flow, assuming rapid uptake and release from tissues. Resistance to membrane permeability is assumed to be negligible.

The rate of change of drug concentration within a tissue is calculated by multiplying the rate of blood flow to the tissue by the difference in drug concentration entering and leaving the tissue.

The ratio of drug concentration in tissue (Ct) to drug concentration in blood (Cb) is known as the tissue blood partition coefficient (Pt).

In perfusion models, drug distribution to both eliminating and non-eliminating organs needs to be calculated. Elimination constants can be used to estimate drug concentration in eliminating organs.

By adding clearance terms to the equations, we can estimate the rate of change of drug concentrations in eliminating organs, taking into account the elimination process.

Physiologic models can incorporate drug binding to tissue and blood proteins, adjusting the available drug concentration in the system.

Diffusion-limited models consider drug transport across membranes, taking into account the permeability and concentration gradient.

These models use mathematical equations and simulations to predict drug concentrations in different body compartments, helping us understand drug distribution and elimination.

They provide a more accurate representation of drug behavior compared to simple compartment models, leading to better drug development and therapy optimization.