Pharmacognosy: Study of Medicinal Sources

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Questions and Answers

What does pharmacognosy study?

  • Properties of drugs and their commercial value
  • Physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological properties of drugs (correct)
  • Synthetic drugs only
  • The history of medicine

What are crude drugs?

  • Drugs with high purity
  • Drugs that have undergone extensive processing
  • Synthetic drugs
  • Dried, unprepared materials of plant, animal or mineral origin used for medicine (correct)

What do the Greek words 'pharmakon' and 'gnosis' mean?

  • 'Medicine' and 'healing'
  • 'Nature' and 'balance'
  • 'Drug' and 'knowledge' (correct)
  • 'Health' and 'power'

Who first used the term 'pharmacognosy'?

<p>Johann Adam Schmidt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did 'pharmacognosy' originally define during the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century?

<p>The branch of medicine dealing with drugs in their crude form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pharmacognosy study?

<p>Physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological properties of drugs of natural origin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are crude drugs?

<p>Dried, unprepared material of plant, animal or mineral origin used for medicine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the term 'pharmacognosy'?

<p>Derived from Greek words meaning 'drug' and 'knowledge' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who first used the term 'pharmacognosy'?

<p>Johann Adam Schmidt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Pharmacognosy' was originally used to define which branch of medicine or commodity sciences?

<p>'Warenkunde' dealing with drugs in their crude, or unprepared form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glycoside is derived from Senna, Aloe, and Rhubarb?

<p>Anthracene glycosides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glycoside type is found in Bitter almond and Wild cherry bark?

<p>Isothiocyanate glycosides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glycoside is present in Milk thistle, Citrus fruits, and Gingko?

<p>Flavonoids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glycoside type is derived from Visnaga, Ammi, and Psoralea?

<p>Coumarin and furanocoumarin glycosides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glycoside is found in Kalmegh, Gentian, and Picrorrhiza?

<p>Bitter glycosides &amp; miscellaneous glycosides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pharmacognosy

The study of physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological properties of drugs of natural origin.

Crude Drugs

Dried, unprepared materials of plant, animal, or mineral origin used for medicine.

Pharmakon and Gnosis

Greek words meaning 'drug' (pharmakon) and 'knowledge' (gnosis).

Origin of Pharmacognosy

Term derived from Greek, indicating knowledge of drugs.

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Johann Adam Schmidt

First person to use the term 'pharmacognosy'.

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Historical Definition

Originally defined as the branch of medicine dealing with drugs in their crude form.

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Anthracene Glycosides

Type of glycoside derived from Senna, Aloe, and Rhubarb.

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Isothiocyanate Glycosides

Glycosides found in Bitter almond and Wild cherry bark.

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Flavonoids

Type of glycoside present in Milk thistle, Citrus fruits, and Gingko.

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Coumarin and Furanocoumarin Glycosides

Glycosides derived from Visnaga, Ammi, and Psoralea.

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Bitter Glycosides

Glycosides found in Kalmegh, Gentian, and Picrorrhiza.

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Warenkunde

Originally defined as the branch of medicine dealing with drugs in their crude form.

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Natural Origin Drugs

Medicines derived from plant, animal, or mineral sources.

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Pharmaceutical Study

Investigating the properties and uses of natural drugs.

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Glycosides

Compounds that consist of a sugar and another functional group, prevalent in many plants.

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Study Notes

Pharmacognosy Overview

  • Pharmacognosy studies the physical, chemical, biological, and pharmacological properties of drugs obtained from natural sources, including plants, animals, and minerals.

Crude Drugs

  • Crude drugs are unprocessed or partially processed natural substances used as medicinal agents.

Origin of Term 'Pharmacognosy'

  • The term 'pharmacognosy' originates from the Greek words 'pharmakon' meaning remedy or medicine, and 'gnosis' meaning knowledge.

History of Pharmacognosy

  • The term 'pharmacognosy' was first used by the German pharmacist Johann Andreas Buchner in 1844.
  • During the 19th and early 20th centuries, pharmacognosy originally defined the branch of medicine dealing with the analysis and preparation of drugs from natural sources, including the study of crude drugs.

Types of Glycosides

  • Anthraquinone glycosides are derived from Senna, Aloe, and Rhubarb.
  • Cyanogenic glycosides are found in Bitter almond and Wild cherry bark.
  • Flavonoid glycosides are present in Milk thistle, Citrus fruits, and Gingko.
  • Furanocoumarin glycosides are derived from Visnaga, Ammi, and Psoralea.
  • Iridoid glycosides are found in Kalmegh, Gentian, and Picrorrhiza.

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