Pharmacognosy Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary active constituent of hydrated magnesium silicate?

  • Iron oxide
  • Aluminum oxide
  • Hydrated magnesium silicate (correct)
  • Silica

    • What is a common use of diatomaceous earth?

  • As a thickening agent in sauces
  • To enhance flavor in foods
  • For providing color to ceramics
  • For water filtration (correct)

    • Which of the following properties describes kaolin?

  • It has a strong odor.
  • It is soluble in cold water.
  • It mainly consists of calcium oxide.
  • It is a hydrous aluminosilicate. (correct)

    • What functional property does hydrated magnesium silicate provide in cosmetic products?

    <p>Absorbs moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes centric diatoms from pennate diatoms?

    <p>Symmetry type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of taste is associated with diatomaceous earth?

    <p>Tasteless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral compound is primarily found in kaolin?

    <p>Kaolinite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a use of diatomaceous earth?

    <p>Production of non-toxic paints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pharmacognosy primarily concerned with?

    <p>Medicinal drugs from natural sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a source of crude drugs?

    <p>Synthetic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'natural product' refer to?

    <p>A chemical substance produced by a living organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of phytochemistry?

    <p>Study of plant-derived chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes semi-synthetic drugs from fully synthetic drugs?

    <p>Semi-synthetic drugs come from natural sources and are chemically modified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to FDA definitions, what qualifies as a drug?

    <p>Any synthetic or natural substance used to cure, prevent, or mitigate disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about crude drugs is FALSE?

    <p>Crude drugs undergo significant chemical modification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pharmacopeia?

    <p>To provide an official list of medicinal drugs and their preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is classified as an official drug?

    <p>A drug recognized by the government and listed in the pharmacopeia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the binomial system of classification include?

    <p>The genus name followed by the species name and family name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is taxonomy concerned with?

    <p>The description, identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be included as parts of medicinal plants used for medicinal preparations?

    <p>Flowers, leaves, roots, stems, fruits, or seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a method of drug classification?

    <p>Philosophical implications of drug use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plants does 'medicinal plants' refer to?

    <p>Plants with therapeutic applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a non-official drug?

    <p>A drug not listed in any pharmacopoeia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a plant is referred to in the binomial classification 'Vinca rosea L.'?

    <p>Species name is 'rosea'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does the species name of Senna (Cassia acutifolia) indicate?

    <p>Sharp pointed leaflets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following species names is derived from a geographical source?

    <p>Hydrastis canadensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Papaver somniferum?

    <p>Inducing sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is essential when making a wet-mount slide?

    <p>Place the coverslip at a 45-degree angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when precipitated chalk is mixed with dilute HCl?

    <p>Effervescence occurs due to CO2 evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the uses of calcium carbonate in antacids?

    <p>Reacting with gastric HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula of talc?

    <p>Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic best describes the taste of precipitated chalk?

    <p>Tasteless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary form of Lycopodium as mentioned?

    <p>Fine powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which active constituent is found in Lycopodium?

    <p>40-50% fixed oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is the kamala product?

    <p>Dull red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a use of Lycopodium?

    <p>In pill manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the glands in kamala?

    <p>Filled with a deep red resin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the taste of both Lycopodium and kamala?

    <p>Tasteless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of the lupulin glands?

    <p>Darken in color during storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family does Lycopodium belong to?

    <p>Lycopodiaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacognosy

    • The word "Pharmacognosy“ originates from a Greek term translating to "acquire knowledge of drugs"
    • It's a branch of bioscience focused on medicinal drugs originating from plants, animals, marine life, microbes, and minerals.
    • Phytochemistry specializes in the study of chemicals derived from plants, including isolation, purification, identification, biological activity, and biosynthesis.
    • A drug is any synthetic or natural substance used for prevention, cure, or mitigation of disease in humans or animals.
    • A drug is categorized as a Pharmacopoeia when included in an official list (e.g. British Pharmacopeia, European Pharmacopeia, etc.).
    • Natural drugs are obtained from natural sources, while synthetic drugs originate from laboratory chemical synthesis.
    • Semi-synthetic drugs are derived from natural sources and modified chemically (e.g., etoposide, hyoscine butyl bromide).

    Crude drugs

    • Unmodified natural preparations used for prevention or treatment of ailments.
    • They come from plant, animal, fungal, bacterial, and mineral sources.

    Medicinal Plants

    • Species of the plant kingdom that are directly used as medicine to treat ailments or conditions.

    Official Drugs

    • Recognized and described in books as the legal authority of standards

    Non-Official Drugs

    • Have not been recognized by any government or included in any pharmacopoeia.

    Dusting Powders

    • Used in manufacturing of tablets to prevent moisture and sticking.
    • Can also be used as lubricant for massaging and in the clarification/filtration of fluids.
    • Used in cosmetics and personal care products to absorb moisture, soften products, and prevent caking.

    Precipitated Chalk

    • White powder used for relief of gastrointestinal discomfort as an antacid.
    • It's a weak base that reacts with gastric HCl to form water & a salt, lowering stomach acidity.
    • Used to replenish calcium levels in the body
    • Inert filler for tablets, in cosmetics, and as a mild abrasive in toothpastes.

    Talc (French Chalk)

    • A clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate, with the chemical formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2.

    Lycopodium

    • Fine, light powder composed of spores from Lycopodium clavatum L., family Lycopodiaceae.
    • It floats on water and is insoluble in cold water, dilute acids or bases
    • Used as dusting powder in pill manufacturing
    • In quantitative microscopy as 1 mg contains 94000 spores.
    • Manufacturing of fireworks due to its oil content.

    Kamala

    • Consists of glands and hairs covering the fruits of Mallotus philippinensis Mull., family Euphorbiaceae.
    • It's a dull red powder with an odourless taste.
    • It floats on water and has a high content (11%) of phloroglucin derivatives as rottlerin and iso-rottlerin, which have an anthelmintic effect.

    Lupulin (Hops)

    • Consists of glands obtained from the strobiles of Humulus lupulus, family Cannabinaceae.
    • Brownish-yellow powder with an aromatic odour and bitter taste.
    • Darkens in color during storage.
    • It's an effective anthelmintic for tapeworms.

    How to make a Wet-mount slide

    • Preparation: Place a thin sample on a clean slide.
    • Add Glycerin: Put a drop of diluted glycerin over the sample.
    • Add Coverslip: Place the coverslip at a 45-degree angle with one edge touching the liquid, and let go.
    • Surface Tension: The coverslip will fall over the sample and be held in place by surface tension.
    • Avoid Air Bubbles: This method minimizes air bubbles, which can affect the view.

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    Medicinal Plants Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the field of pharmacognosy, which focuses on the knowledge of drugs derived from natural sources such as plants and minerals. This quiz covers various classifications of drugs, their origins, and the significance of phytochemistry. Test your understanding of these essential concepts in bioscience.

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