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Questions and Answers
Which plant is associated with the Clavicepitaceae family?
Which plant is associated with the Clavicepitaceae family?
The Clavicepitaceae family develops in the seeds of plants.
The Clavicepitaceae family develops in the seeds of plants.
False
What is the scientific name of the Rye plant?
What is the scientific name of the Rye plant?
Secale cereale
The Clavicepitaceae family falls in __________.
The Clavicepitaceae family falls in __________.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following describes the properties of cannabinol?
Which of the following describes the properties of cannabinol?
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Cannabis is commonly used to treat migraines and neuralgia.
Cannabis is commonly used to treat migraines and neuralgia.
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Name two uses of cannabis based on its medicinal properties.
Name two uses of cannabis based on its medicinal properties.
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Cannabis is used as a sedative in cases of __________ and __________.
Cannabis is used as a sedative in cases of __________ and __________.
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Match the following uses of cannabis with their corresponding conditions:
Match the following uses of cannabis with their corresponding conditions:
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Which of the following is a characteristic of non-cystolithic trichomes in Cannabis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of non-cystolithic trichomes in Cannabis?
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Cystolithic trichomes are exclusive to Cannabis plants.
Cystolithic trichomes are exclusive to Cannabis plants.
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What are the active constituents found in Cannabis resin?
What are the active constituents found in Cannabis resin?
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The __________ vessels in the stem are responsible for the secretion of oil.
The __________ vessels in the stem are responsible for the secretion of oil.
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Match the following structures with their characteristics:
Match the following structures with their characteristics:
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Which cannabinoid is known for its psychoactive effects?
Which cannabinoid is known for its psychoactive effects?
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Stomata are present in both the upper and lower epidermis of the bract.
Stomata are present in both the upper and lower epidermis of the bract.
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What structure is described as unicellular with a warty cuticle?
What structure is described as unicellular with a warty cuticle?
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Which part of the Cannabis sativa var. is primarily used for medicinal purposes?
Which part of the Cannabis sativa var. is primarily used for medicinal purposes?
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Cannabis sativa var. is cultivated for its seeds and leaves.
Cannabis sativa var. is cultivated for its seeds and leaves.
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What is the botanical name for the medicinal herb commonly referred to as cannabis?
What is the botanical name for the medicinal herb commonly referred to as cannabis?
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The __________ is the primary source of the medicinally important herb Cannabis.
The __________ is the primary source of the medicinally important herb Cannabis.
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Match the terms related to Cannabis with their descriptions:
Match the terms related to Cannabis with their descriptions:
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What type of flowers do Indica plants have?
What type of flowers do Indica plants have?
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The family name of Indica is Cannabinaceae.
The family name of Indica is Cannabinaceae.
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What is the botanical name commonly associated with Indica?
What is the botanical name commonly associated with Indica?
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The fruit of an Indica plant is described as __________.
The fruit of an Indica plant is described as __________.
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Match the following components with their characteristics:
Match the following components with their characteristics:
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What is the primary use of ergosterol?
What is the primary use of ergosterol?
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Ergot poisoning can cause both convulsive and gangrenous symptoms.
Ergot poisoning can cause both convulsive and gangrenous symptoms.
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What are the two main types of symptoms associated with ergot poisoning?
What are the two main types of symptoms associated with ergot poisoning?
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Ergot of Wheat is characterized by being shorter, thicker, and __________.
Ergot of Wheat is characterized by being shorter, thicker, and __________.
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Match the following types of symptoms related to ergot poisoning:
Match the following types of symptoms related to ergot poisoning:
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Title: Pharmacognosy II
- Course Code: PHG 213
- Week Number: 5
- Lecture Number: 5
- Lecturer: Dr. Hanan Samir Marzouk
- Academic Year: Fall 2024/2025
Medically Important Herbs
Cannabis Sativa var. Indica
- Botanical Name/Scientific Name: Cannabis sativa var. Indica
- Family: Cannabinaceae
- Part Used: Dried flowering and fruiting tops of cultivated female plants
- Description: Image of plant and its parts
- Active Constituents:
- Resin: Contains Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
- Cannabinoids: cannainol CBN, cannabidiol CBD, cannabivarin
- Sterols
- Amino acids and choline bases
- Traces of volatile oil and oxidase enzyme
Macroscopic Characters
- Ternate bract (Image)
- Stipules (Image)
- Simple bract (Image)
- Unisexual flower (Image)
- Pistillate flower (Image)
- Bracts (Image)
- Flower (Image)
- Bracteoles (Image)
- Dry, Indehiscent Fruit (Image)
Microscopic Characters (Transverse Section – Bract)
- Cystolithic Trichomes (Image)
- Upper Cuticle (Image)
- Upper Epidermis (Image)
- Palisade (Image)
- Spongy Tissue (Image)
- Lower Epidermis (Image)
- Lower Cuticle (Image)
- Shaggy Hair (Image)
- Non Cystolithic Trichomes (Image)
- Calcium Carbonate deposits (only in Cannabis)
Microscopic Characters (Powder)
- Upper Epidermis of Bract (Image)
- Clusters of Caox (Image)
- Stomata (Image)
- No Hairs (Image)
- Upper Epidermis of Bracteole (Image)
- Lower Epidermis of Bracteole (Image)
- Lower Epidermis of Bract (Image)
Microscopic Characters (Trichomes)
- Glandular shaggy hair (image)
- Multicellular Head
- Multiserriet, Multicellular Stalk
- Responsible for secretion of oil
- Non glandular Cystolithic trichomes
- Unicellular with warty cuticle
- Base has Calcium carbonate deposite
- Non Cystolithic trichomes
- Unicellular with smooth cuticle
Microscopic Characters (Stem)
- Laticiferous vessels in stem (Image)
- CaOX Clusters (Image)
- Pericyclic Fiber (Image)
- Purple pappilosed stigma (Image)
Active Constituents
- THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)
- Cannabinoids (cannabinol CBN, cannabidiol CBD, cannabivarin)
- Sterols
- Amino acids and choline bases
- Traces of volatile oil and oxidase enzyme
Chemical Tests
- Powder + dil. HCl: Effervescence due to CaCO3
- Nagm Test (For Narcotics)
- Extract Powder Cannabis with Light Petroleum
- Evaporate extract in porcelain dish
- Add few drops of vanillin/HCl reagent to residue in acetaldehyde
- Green to Blue to Violet colour change
Uses of Cannabis
- Narcotic effect: Mainly attributed to tetrahydrocannabinols
- Smoking leads to a more pronounced action than oral administration.
- Cannabinol has less narcotic effect
- Cerebral stimulant and analgesic
- Sedative for migraine, neuralgia, hysteria, cramps of summer diarrhea, spasmodic cough, and intestinal disorders
- Large doses lead to delirium, hallucinations, sleep interruption, marked weakness, and mental depression
Forms of Cannabis
- Unprocessed: Dried cannabis flowers (marijuana, bhang)
- Processed:
- Kief: Powder rich in trichomes, sifted from leaves/flowers
- Hashish: Concentrated resin from female cannabis plants
- Stronger than marijuana, smoked or chewed
- Color variations from black to golden brown depend on purity
- Hash oil
- Residue collected from a pipe
Ergot
- Botanical Origin: Claviceps purpurea in rye plant (Secale cereals)
- Clavicepitaceae Family
- Sclerotium: Solid mass of fungus
- Ergot Life Cycle: Image of fungal life cycle
- Active Constituents
- Water soluble Alkaloids (Ergometrine/ergonovine, Ergometrinine)
- Water insoluble Alkaloids (five paired groups)
- Ergotamine group (Ergotamine & Ergotaminine
- Ergosine & Ergosinine
- Ergocristine & Ergocristinine pair
- Ergocryptine & Ergocryptinine pair
- Ergocorine & Ergocorinine)
- Chemical Tests (for Ergotoxine):
- Van Urk Test: (Image of test procedure)
- Test for colouring matter in ergot in flour.
- Test for chitin using sclerotin
- Uses:
- Ergometrine group stimulates uterus (used to increase uterine contraction and control uterine hemorrhage
- Ergotamine group useful for headache and migraine.
- Ergotoxine group for hypertension.
- Ergosterol used in Vitamin D synthesis
Ergot Poisoning (Ergotism, Ergotoxicosis, Staint Anthony's fire)
- Symptoms
- Convulsive symptoms
- Gangrenous symptoms
Substitutes of Ergot
- Ergot of Wheat: Shorter, thicker, darker
- Ergot of Oats: Black
- Ergot of Diss: Spirally twisted.
- Factitious Ergot: Made by moulding and colouring wheat dough with inks
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Description
Test your knowledge on medically important herbs with a focus on Cannabis Sativa var. Indica. This quiz covers its botanical characteristics, active constituents, and both macroscopic and microscopic details. Dive deep into the world of pharmacognosy and enhance your understanding of herbal medicine.
