14 Questions
What is pharmacogenomics?
The study of how certain genetic traits affect drug response
What does drug polymorphism refer to?
The same drug having a different response on different people
Why is it important to consider cultural beliefs with medications?
Different cultures have different beliefs which can impact medication adherence
How do absorption, metabolism, and excretion affect medication response?
They are different in everyone which affects medication response
What can cause polypharmacy?
Taking tons of herbs and mixing them with medications
Why might people with cognitive issues not be able to sign for informed consent?
Due to their inability to fully understand the implications of the consent
What is the focus of phase 1 in the FDA drug approval process?
Safety and dosage on healthy individuals
What is the purpose of phase 2 in the FDA drug approval process?
Determine effectiveness on a certain illness on a couple hundred people.
What is the main objective of phase 3 in the FDA drug approval process?
Testing on thousands of people in centers and clinics.
Match
FDA approval Phase 4 = After post-marketing to make sure medication is still doing what it is supposed to do Drug recall class 1 = The most serious and means people are dying from it Drug recall class 2 = It is causing temporary illness Drug recall class 3 = It does not cause harm, but ifs not being regulated properly
This warning means taking this medication, or combination of 2 medications may cause serious side effects that will likely lead to death
Black box
Elements of liability for nursing malpractice include duty, breach of duty, causation, and damage.
True
Ethical terms related to nursing practice are autonomy, beneficence, autonomy, confidentiality, justice, nonmaleficence, and veracity.
True
An example of environmental and economic considerations is COVID stopping the buses and people not getting their medications.
True
Study Notes
Pharmacogenomics and Drug Response
- Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic factors affect an individual's response to medications.
- Drug polymorphism refers to the genetic variation in enzymes that metabolize medications, leading to different responses to the same drug.
Cultural Considerations in Medication
- It is essential to consider cultural beliefs when prescribing medications, as patients' beliefs and values can influence their adherence to treatment and response to therapy.
Factors Affecting Medication Response
- Absorption, metabolism, and excretion are crucial factors that affect an individual's response to medications, and variations in these processes can lead to different responses to the same drug.
Polypharmacy
- Polypharmacy occurs when an individual takes multiple medications, which can lead to adverse interactions, increased risk of side effects, and decreased medication efficacy.
Informed Consent
- Individuals with cognitive issues may not be able to provide informed consent, as they may not fully understand the risks and benefits of treatment, compromising their autonomy.
FDA Drug Approval Process
- Phase 1 focuses on the safety and dosage of a new drug in a small group of healthy volunteers.
- Phase 2 investigates the efficacy and side effects of a drug in a larger group of patients with the targeted condition.
- Phase 3 is the final stage, where the drug is tested in a large, diverse population to confirm its efficacy, side effects, and optimal dosage.
Medication Warning Labels
- A specific warning label indicates that taking a particular medication or combination of medications may cause severe, life-threatening side effects.
Nursing Malpractice and Ethics
- Elements of liability for nursing malpractice include duty, breach of duty, causation, and damage.
- Ethical principles relevant to nursing practice are autonomy, beneficence, confidentiality, justice, nonmaleficence, and veracity.
Environmental and Economic Considerations
- Environmental and economic factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can affect access to healthcare and medications, leading to negative outcomes.
Test your knowledge of pharmacogenomics, drug polymorphism, adherence to therapy, and environmental and economic considerations affecting medication use. Learn about genetic traits, diverse cultural beliefs, and the impact of external factors on drug response.
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