Y1S2 002 III Pharmacology: What the Drug Does to the Body
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?

  • The study of the mechanisms of action of enzymes and ion channels
  • The study of how the body affects the drug's chemical structure
  • The study of how the drug affects the body's physiological functions (correct)
  • The study of the effects of food on drug absorption

    • What type of drug action involves the replacement of a deficient substance in the body?

  • Depression
  • Replacement (correct)
  • Stimulation
  • Irritation

    • Which of the following is an example of a chemical action of a drug?

  • Antacids neutralizing stomach acid (correct)
  • Epinephrine binding to beta receptors
  • Neostigmine inhibiting acetylcholinesterase
  • Benzodiazepines depressing the CNS

    • What is the term for the binding of a drug to a particular target protein in the body?

    <p>Mechanism of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of an antagonist?

    <p>Binding to receptors without producing a tissue response and preventing an agonist from binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug action involves the inhibition of an enzyme's activity?

    <p>Enzyme inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the affinity of a drug and its intrinsic activity?

    <p>Efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the effects of drugs on the body?

    <p>Pharmacodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a partial agonist?

    <p>A drug with high affinity and low intrinsic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of drug required to produce an effect of a given intensity?

    <p>Potency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the binding of a drug to a receptor?

    <p>Formation of a drug-receptor complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a drug with high affinity but low intrinsic activity?

    <p>It is a partial agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of channel-linked receptors in the nervous system?

    <p>To convert the binding of neurotransmitters into an electrical signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic structure of G-protein-coupled receptors?

    <p>Seven membrane-spanning segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following receptors is an example of a channel-linked receptor?

    <p>GABAA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the binding of neurotransmitters to channel-linked receptors?

    <p>Depolarization of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the α subunit in G-protein-coupled receptors?

    <p>It possesses GTPase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between channel-linked receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors?

    <p>The structure of the receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a non-competitive antagonist?

    <p>It binds to an allosteric binding site and reduces the effect of the agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of competitive antagonism on the dose-response curve?

    <p>A shift to the right with no change in slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between tachyphylaxis and tolerance?

    <p>Tachyphylaxis occurs rapidly, while tolerance develops slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of non-competitive antagonism that leads to a maximal response?

    <p>Binding to an allosteric site and reducing the effect of the agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of irreversible antagonism on the receptor?

    <p>The receptor is permanently bound and inactivated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of tachyphylaxis and tolerance that involves changes in the receptor?

    <p>Loss of receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ligands that bind to intracellular nuclear receptors?

    <p>Lipophilic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the DNA-binding domain of intracellular nuclear receptors?

    <p>Recognizing specific base sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the zinc atom in the zinc fingers of intracellular nuclear receptors?

    <p>Knotted together by a cluster of 4 cysteine residues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of altered protein synthesis on the physiological response to intracellular nuclear receptors?

    <p>Slow onset of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the variable region upstream of the DNA-binding domain in intracellular nuclear receptors?

    <p>Controlling gene transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of pharmacogenomics in relation to therapeutic drugs?

    <p>The genetic influence of an individual on therapeutic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

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