8 Questions
Which of the following represents the effective dose where 50% of the population responded effectively to the drug?
EC50
What does the therapeutic index (TI) estimate in drug safety?
Ratio of toxic dose to effective dose
What type of dose response curve measures the efficacy of the drug?
Type 1
What type of drug combination results in a greater effect than the sum of the two drugs individually?
Synergistic
Which of the following best describes pharmacodynamics?
The study of how drugs interact with drug targets
Which of the following is NOT a drug target?
Carbohydrates
What is the difference between agonists and antagonists?
Agonists mimic the effects of endogenous molecules, while antagonists inhibit the normal function of endogenous agonists
What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive antagonists?
Competitive antagonists compete with agonists for the same binding site on receptors, while non-competitive antagonists bind to different sites and indirectly inhibit agonist binding
Study Notes
Pharmacodynamics: Understanding the Effects of Drugs on the Body
- Pharmacodynamics is the study of what a drug does to the body and how it interacts with drug targets.
- Drug targets are usually proteins such as receptors, ion channels, enzymes, or carriers.
- Drugs can function as agonists, mimicking the effects of endogenous molecules, or as antagonists, inhibiting the normal function of endogenous agonists.
- Competitive antagonists compete with agonists for the same binding site on receptors, while non-competitive antagonists bind to different sites and indirectly inhibit agonist binding.
- Inverse agonists inhibit the basal activity of receptors, even in the absence of endogenous agonists.
- The type 1 dose-response curve shows the relationship between drug dose and response efficacy, typically represented in a sigmoid log form.
- The maximal effect or Emax of a drug is its intrinsic activity, while maximal efficacy refers to the plateau of the dose-response curve.
- Full agonists have an intrinsic activity of 1 and can produce 100% of the desired effect, while partial agonists have an intrinsic activity between 0 and 1.
- Antagonists have an intrinsic activity of 0 and block the binding of endogenous agonists.
- Inverse agonists have a negative intrinsic activity and inhibit the basal activity of receptors.
- Affinity is the attractiveness of a drug to its receptor, while potency refers to the power of a drug at a specific concentration.
- Competitive antagonists shift the dose-response curve to the right, while non-competitive antagonists shift it down and decrease the maximum effect of the drug.
- Type 2 dose-response curves consider the number of subjects responding to a drug and can show therapeutic, toxic, and lethal responses.
Test your knowledge of pharmacodynamics with this quiz! Explore the effects of drugs on the body, including drug targets, agonists, antagonists, dose-response curves, and more. Challenge yourself and learn more about how drugs interact with the body at a molecular level.
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