Pharmaceutics-I: Dosage Forms & Stability

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

Which classification of dosage forms is MOST appropriate for a medication designed to be administered directly into the lungs?

  • Gaseous dosage forms (correct)
  • Solid dosage forms
  • Liquid dosage forms
  • Semi-solid dosage forms

What is the PRIMARY mechanism by which emulsifying agents stabilize an emulsion?

  • Increasing the density of the dispersed phase
  • Reducing the interfacial tension between the two phases (correct)
  • Elevating the temperature of the continuous phase
  • Lowering the viscosity of the dispersed phase

How did the first edition of the Indian Pharmacopoeia, published in 1955, PRIMARILY influence pharmaceutical practices in India?

  • By enforcing international standards for drug manufacturing
  • By replacing all traditional Ayurvedic medicines
  • By establishing standardized formulations relevant to the Indian context (correct)
  • By focusing exclusively on imported pharmaceutical products

A pharmacist notices that two ingredients in a prescription, when mixed, form an insoluble precipitate. What type of incompatibility is this, and what is one approach to address it?

<p>Physical incompatibility; add a suspending agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of throat paints is most important for their effective application?

<p>High viscosity to ensure prolonged contact time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY reason for using effervescent granules in drug formulations?

<p>To enhance the solubility and absorption rate of the drug (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A prescription error occurs when a pharmacist misreads the dosage instructions, leading to a patient receiving twice the prescribed amount. What is the MOST appropriate initial step to rectify this error?

<p>Contact the prescriber immediately to inform them of the error (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique would be MOST effective in enhancing the solubility of a poorly water-soluble drug in a liquid dosage form?

<p>Adding a co-solvent to the formulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ointment base is chosen for its ability to absorb water, making it suitable for delivering medications to moist skin conditions. Which type of ointment base is MOST likely being used?

<p>Absorption base (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do eutectic mixtures typically have a lower melting point than either of their individual components?

<p>The presence of each component disrupts the crystal lattice of the other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An elixir is prepared using 35% v/v alcohol. If 'proof strength' is defined as twice the percentage of alcohol by volume, what is the proof strength of this elixir?

<p>70 proof (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY difference between prescription and posology?

<p>Prescription is the written order for a medication, while posology is the study of dosages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is LEAST likely to influence dose selection for a patient?

<p>Patient's shoe size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking Drug A experiences a reduced therapeutic effect because Drug B alters the absorption of Drug A. What type of incompatibility is this an example of?

<p>Therapeutic incompatibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY purpose of organoleptic agents in pharmaceutical formulations?

<p>To improve the drug's taste, smell, or appearance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is MOST important for both gargles and mouthwashes?

<p>Pleasant taste and odor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is MOST appropriate for calculating a child's dose based on their body surface area (BSA)?

<p>ِDilling's Rule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY purpose of including preservatives in nasal drop formulations?

<p>To prevent microbial growth and maintain sterility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a liniment and a lotion?

<p>Liniments are applied with friction, while lotions are applied without friction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between dosage form and drug delivery?

<p>Dosage form dictates the rate and extent of drug release and absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a dosage form?

The physical form of a drug product before administration, like tablets, capsules, or liquids.

What is an emulsion?

A mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable).

Indian Pharmacopoeia 1955

The first edition was published in 1955 to standardize drug formulations and quality.

What is physical incompatibility?

When two or more substances are mixed, resulting in an undesirable effect like precipitation or color change.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are throat paints?

Viscous liquid preparations applied to the throat for localized treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Effervescent granules

Granules designed to release carbon dioxide when added to water, creating a fizzy solution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prescription errors

Errors in prescriptions that can occur during the prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, or administration stages.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enhancing drug solubility

Techniques like using co-solvents, surfactants, or micronization to improve how well a drug dissolves in a liquid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ointment base types

Oleaginous, absorption, emulsion, and water-soluble bases, each with different properties and uses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eutectic mixtures

Mixtures of two or more solids that liquefy when mixed due to a lowering of their melting points.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proof strength calculation

Determining the alcohol content in an elixir, often expressed as a percentage by volume.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are prescription and posology?

Prescription: a written order from a medical practitioner to a pharmacist instructing them to dispense a specific medication for a patient; Posology: the study of dosages.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Factors in dose selection

Patient factors (age, weight), disease state, drug interactions, and genetic factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Therapeutic incompatibility

One drug reduces the effectiveness of another drug.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Organoleptic agents

Agents that affect the senses (taste, smell, sight) and improve product acceptability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gargle/Mouthwash properties

Gargles clean and moisten throat while mouthwashes clean the mouth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Child dose calculation.

Based on weight or body surface area, helps in determining the appropriate medication amount for children.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nasal drop formulation

Considerations such as viscosity, drug release, and compatibility with nasal tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liniment vs Lotion

Liniments consist of oil-based solutions meant for rubbing, while lotions include water and are applied without friction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • First Semester B. Pharm Degree Regular/Supplementary Examinations will be held in April 2024.
  • The exam is for Pharmaceutics-I under the 2017 Scheme.
  • The exam duration is 3 hours and the maximum marks are 75.

Instructions

  • Answer to the point neatly and legibly.
  • Do not leave any blank pages between answers.
  • Indicate the question number correctly in the margin space.
  • Answer all parts of a single question together.
  • Leave sufficient space between answers.
  • Draw tables, diagrams, or flow charts wherever necessary.

Essay Questions (2 x 10 = 20 marks)

  • Define and classify dosage forms with suitable examples.
  • Define an emulsion and explain the stability problems associated with it.

Short Notes (7 x 5 = 35 marks)

  • Explain the development of the Indian Pharmacopoeia first edition in 1955.
  • Explain physical incompatibility and a method to overcome it, with an example.
  • Discuss throat paints, including their formulation, with the help of an example.
  • Explain the preparation of effervescent granules using an example.
  • Discuss the various sources of errors in a prescription and how to avoid them while dispensing.
  • Explain techniques to enhance the solubility of drugs in liquid dosage forms.
  • Classify different ointment bases with examples and give the ideal properties of ointment bases.

Answer Briefly (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

  • Write a short note on eutectic mixtures.
  • Calculate proof strength for an elixir containing 35% v/v alcohol.
  • Define prescription and posology.
  • List four important factors affecting dose selection.
  • Give two examples for therapeutic incompatibility.
  • Define organoleptic agents and give two examples for each.
  • List two properties of gargles and mouthwashes and name a gargle and a mouthwash.
  • Give two formulas for calculating child doses.
  • Write short notes on the formulation of nasal drops.
  • Differentiate between liniment and lotion.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser