Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the first step in preparing a suspension as described in the procedure?
What is the first step in preparing a suspension as described in the procedure?
- Transfer the mixture to a clean amber bottle.
- Add the remaining vehicle to the graduated cylinder.
- Prepare a smooth paste by trituration. (correct)
- Dilute the paste with purified water.
Which component is NOT mentioned as a suspending agent in the content?
Which component is NOT mentioned as a suspending agent in the content?
- Methylcellulose
- Gelatin
- Tragacanth
- Starch (correct)
How should you prepare the slurry after mixing the smooth paste?
How should you prepare the slurry after mixing the smooth paste?
- Add all solid ingredients to it at once.
- Cold store it before using.
- Dissolve all soluble ingredients in the second part of the vehicle. (correct)
- Avoid using any liquid ingredients.
What must be included on the label of the amber bottle containing the suspension?
What must be included on the label of the amber bottle containing the suspension?
What is the purpose of using the third part of the vehicle in the preparation procedure?
What is the purpose of using the third part of the vehicle in the preparation procedure?
What is the primary function of a wetting agent in the preparation of suspensions?
What is the primary function of a wetting agent in the preparation of suspensions?
How is the initial slurry formed in the procedure for preparing a suspension?
How is the initial slurry formed in the procedure for preparing a suspension?
If a different suspending agent were used instead of tragacanth, what could be a potential effect?
If a different suspending agent were used instead of tragacanth, what could be a potential effect?
Which step in the procedure ensures that all solid particles are effectively incorporated into the liquid?
Which step in the procedure ensures that all solid particles are effectively incorporated into the liquid?
What might be the consequence of not rinsing the mortar and pestle during the preparation?
What might be the consequence of not rinsing the mortar and pestle during the preparation?
What is an important property of the vehicle used in suspension preparation?
What is an important property of the vehicle used in suspension preparation?
Which of the following descriptions best represents a suspension as prepared in this procedure?
Which of the following descriptions best represents a suspension as prepared in this procedure?
What is the final step regarding the storage of the suspension after preparation?
What is the final step regarding the storage of the suspension after preparation?
What is the main purpose of grinding solid materials in a mortar when preparing suspensions?
What is the main purpose of grinding solid materials in a mortar when preparing suspensions?
What is the role of the second part of the vehicle in the preparation of suspensions?
What is the role of the second part of the vehicle in the preparation of suspensions?
Which of the following is NOT a necessary part of the suspension preparation process according to the method described?
Which of the following is NOT a necessary part of the suspension preparation process according to the method described?
What might happen if too much wetting agent is added to the initial mixture?
What might happen if too much wetting agent is added to the initial mixture?
How does the procedure's method of rinsing the mortar contribute to the overall quality of the suspension?
How does the procedure's method of rinsing the mortar contribute to the overall quality of the suspension?
Why is it essential to shake the suspension well before use as indicated on the label?
Why is it essential to shake the suspension well before use as indicated on the label?
What is the significance of adding the third part of the vehicle during suspension preparation?
What is the significance of adding the third part of the vehicle during suspension preparation?
When preparing the suspension, what is the purpose of using finely powdered aspirin and benzoic acid?
When preparing the suspension, what is the purpose of using finely powdered aspirin and benzoic acid?
What is the role of the wetting agent in the suspension preparation process?
What is the role of the wetting agent in the suspension preparation process?
Which of the following describes the correct use of the vehicle in suspension preparation?
Which of the following describes the correct use of the vehicle in suspension preparation?
What might occur if the graduated cylinder is not used after the smooth paste is formed?
What might occur if the graduated cylinder is not used after the smooth paste is formed?
During the preparation of a suspension, why is it important to add powdered water gradually?
During the preparation of a suspension, why is it important to add powdered water gradually?
What should be ensured while labeling the amber bottle containing the suspension?
What should be ensured while labeling the amber bottle containing the suspension?
What happens during the trituration process in the preparation of suspensions?
What happens during the trituration process in the preparation of suspensions?
What is the impact of not rinsing the mortar and pestle after preparing the slurry?
What is the impact of not rinsing the mortar and pestle after preparing the slurry?
What is a plausible consequence of using an incorrect amount of tragacanth in the suspension?
What is a plausible consequence of using an incorrect amount of tragacanth in the suspension?
What is the purpose of adding the first part of the vehicle containing the wetting agent during suspension preparation?
What is the purpose of adding the first part of the vehicle containing the wetting agent during suspension preparation?
Which action is essential to ensure that all soluble ingredients are combined properly?
Which action is essential to ensure that all soluble ingredients are combined properly?
What could be the effect if the measuring of powdered water is not done gradually during the procedure?
What could be the effect if the measuring of powdered water is not done gradually during the procedure?
What is the significance of transferring the mixture to a graduated cylinder after preparing the slurry?
What is the significance of transferring the mixture to a graduated cylinder after preparing the slurry?
What role does the third part of the vehicle serve in the overall suspension preparation process?
What role does the third part of the vehicle serve in the overall suspension preparation process?
Why is it important to label the amber bottle with the instruction 'shake well before use'?
Why is it important to label the amber bottle with the instruction 'shake well before use'?
What might be a plausible consequence of not using tragacanth as a suspending agent in the preparation?
What might be a plausible consequence of not using tragacanth as a suspending agent in the preparation?
How does trituration in the preparation of suspensions affect the final product?
How does trituration in the preparation of suspensions affect the final product?
What is the purpose of dividing the remaining amount of the vehicle into three parts during suspension preparation?
What is the purpose of dividing the remaining amount of the vehicle into three parts during suspension preparation?
Which step in the preparation of suspensions specifically prevents the formation of lumps in the mixture?
Which step in the preparation of suspensions specifically prevents the formation of lumps in the mixture?
How does the method of rinsing the mortar and pestle contribute to the quality of the suspension?
How does the method of rinsing the mortar and pestle contribute to the quality of the suspension?
What could be the effect of not following the procedure to make a smooth paste before forming a slurry?
What could be the effect of not following the procedure to make a smooth paste before forming a slurry?
What is the significance of completing the volume of the suspension to 20 ml with powdered water?
What is the significance of completing the volume of the suspension to 20 ml with powdered water?
What is a plausible consequence of using an incorrect type of wetting agent in suspension preparation?
What is a plausible consequence of using an incorrect type of wetting agent in suspension preparation?
During suspension preparation, what role does trituration play in achieving the desired consistency?
During suspension preparation, what role does trituration play in achieving the desired consistency?
What could be a likely outcome of not labeling the amber bottle with 'shake well before use'?
What could be a likely outcome of not labeling the amber bottle with 'shake well before use'?
What is the primary role of tragacanth in the preparation of suspensions?
What is the primary role of tragacanth in the preparation of suspensions?
Which step is critical to obtain a smooth paste during suspension preparation?
Which step is critical to obtain a smooth paste during suspension preparation?
What could be a significant consequence of failing to properly rinse the mortar and pestle after use?
What could be a significant consequence of failing to properly rinse the mortar and pestle after use?
What is the reason for dividing the remaining vehicle into three parts during the preparation process?
What is the reason for dividing the remaining vehicle into three parts during the preparation process?
How does the method of using powdered water influence the suspension's final properties?
How does the method of using powdered water influence the suspension's final properties?
What impact could arise from an incorrect measurement of powdered water during suspension preparation?
What impact could arise from an incorrect measurement of powdered water during suspension preparation?
What is a plausible outcome of using an inappropriate wetting agent in the suspension preparation process?
What is a plausible outcome of using an inappropriate wetting agent in the suspension preparation process?
Why is it essential to label the suspension with the instruction 'shake well before use'?
Why is it essential to label the suspension with the instruction 'shake well before use'?
Flashcards
Suspensions preparation
Suspensions preparation
Suspensions of solid materials in a liquid are created by grinding the solid in a mortar, then progressively adding liquid components.
Suspending agents
Suspending agents
Substances like tragacanth, gelatin, and methylcellulose that help keep solid particles suspended in a liquid.
Mortar Procedure
Mortar Procedure
A method of liquid-based suspension creation, using grinding solid materials in a mortar to form a paste; subsequent mixing by portioning to transfer from mortar to a graduated cylinder, where final volume is adjusted using a mixture of vehicle and other ingredients.
Vehicle Parts
Vehicle Parts
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Labeling Instruction
Labeling Instruction
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What is a suspending agent?
What is a suspending agent?
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Name some suspending agents
Name some suspending agents
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How do you prepare a suspension?
How do you prepare a suspension?
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What's the first step in preparing a suspension?
What's the first step in preparing a suspension?
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Why is the vehicle divided into parts?
Why is the vehicle divided into parts?
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What are the final steps in a suspension preparation?
What are the final steps in a suspension preparation?
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Why is it important to shake a suspension?
Why is it important to shake a suspension?
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What is the purpose of wetting agents?
What is the purpose of wetting agents?
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What are suspending agents?
What are suspending agents?
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Name common suspending agents
Name common suspending agents
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How do you start preparing a suspension?
How do you start preparing a suspension?
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Why divide the liquid (vehicle) into parts?
Why divide the liquid (vehicle) into parts?
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What are the later steps of suspension preparation?
What are the later steps of suspension preparation?
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What's the labeling instruction for suspensions?
What's the labeling instruction for suspensions?
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Why is shaking suspensions necessary?
Why is shaking suspensions necessary?
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What is the role of wetting agents?
What is the role of wetting agents?
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What is a vehicle in suspension preparation?
What is a vehicle in suspension preparation?
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Why divide the vehicle in 3 parts?
Why divide the vehicle in 3 parts?
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What is trituration?
What is trituration?
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What is the importance of labeling suspensions?
What is the importance of labeling suspensions?
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What is a slurry?
What is a slurry?
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What is the final step in preparing a suspension?
What is the final step in preparing a suspension?
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Examples of Suspending Agents
Examples of Suspending Agents
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Preparing a Suspension
Preparing a Suspension
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Vehicle in Suspension
Vehicle in Suspension
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Why Divide the Vehicle?
Why Divide the Vehicle?
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Trituration in Suspensions
Trituration in Suspensions
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Labeling Suspensions
Labeling Suspensions
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Wetting Agents
Wetting Agents
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What are the first steps in preparing a suspension?
What are the first steps in preparing a suspension?
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Study Notes
Pharmaceutical Technology: Spirits & Elixirs
- Spirits are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances. The alcoholic concentration is typically over 60%.
- Spirits are sometimes called essences.
- Spirits can be used pharmaceutically as flavoring agents.
- Spirits can be used medicinally for the therapeutic value of the aromatic solute.
- Spirits can be taken orally (mixed with water to reduce pungency), applied topically, or inhaled.
- Aromatic ammonia spirit is used orally as a carminative and antacid, or by inhalation for fainting.
- Camphor spirit is used topically to relieve minor pains and aches.
- Compound orange spirit is used orally as a flavoring agent.
- Peppermint spirit is used orally as a carminative and flavoring agent.
- Compound Orange Spirit ingredients: Oil of orange (20 mL), Oil of lemon (50 mL), Oil of coriander (20 mL), Oil of anise (5 mL), and Alcohol (q.s. 1000 mL).
Elixir
- Elixirs are clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions intended for oral use.
- They're usually flavored for palatability.
- Main components: ethanol and water. Glycerin and propylene glycol are adjunct solvents.
- Sweeteners include sucrose and sorbitol/saccharine.
- Flavoring and coloring agents enhance palatability and appearance.
- Elixirs are typically self-preserving due to the high alcohol content (10-12%).
- Elixirs are usually prepared by mixing two or more liquid ingredients, dissolving alcohol-soluble and water-soluble components separately.
Phenobarbital Elixir
- Ingredients: Phenobarbital (4g), Tincture of orange peel (30 mL), Amaranth solution (10 mL), Alcohol (125 mL), Glycerin (150 mL), Syrup (250 mL), and Distilled Water (q.s. 1000 mL).
- Dosage: One tablespoonful at night.
- Calculations for preparing this Elixir are provided.
- Procedure for preparing this elixir is outlined.
Aromatic Elixir USP
- Ingredients: Compound spirit of orange (12 mL), Syrup (375 mL), Talc powder (30 g), Alcohol 70% (q.s. 1000 mL), and Distilled Water (a.a. q.s. 1000 mL).
- Procedure for preparing this elixir is provided.
Suspension
- A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture where solid particles are dispersed in a liquid.
- Suspensions are generally unstable and the solid will settle out over time. They require shaking before use.
- Advantages include masking unpleasant tastes, effective administration of hydrophobic drugs, and ease of swallowing for children and elderly patients.
- Excipients used include sweetening agents, pH adjusters, colorants, flocculating agents, and surfactants.
- Classification of suspensions includes based on route of administration (oral, topical, etc.), concentration of the solid, and electrokinetic nature of the solid.
- Properties of Suspensions are heterogeneous, scatter light, particles separate via filtration. Suspensions are not stable and settle. Particles are not evenly distributed and need shaking. Suspensions need flocculating agents and surfactants to reduce surface tension between solid and liquid.
Procedure for Preparing Suspensions
- Procedures for preparing Propranolol and Aspirin suspensions are detailed, including steps such as crushing, levigation, mixing with a liquid carrier, and transferring to a suitable bottle.
Uses of specific components
- Specific uses of components in each suspension and elixir are provided (e.g., aspirin as an anti-inflammatory, syrup as a sweetening agent, etc.).
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