Podcast
Questions and Answers
Rubbing alcohol contains about 70% ______ alcohol by volume.
Rubbing alcohol contains about 70% ______ alcohol by volume.
ethyl
Isopropyl rubbing alcohol is used externally as a ______ and soothing rub.
Isopropyl rubbing alcohol is used externally as a ______ and soothing rub.
rubefacient
Glycerin is a clear syrupy liquid that is ______ with both water and alcohol.
Glycerin is a clear syrupy liquid that is ______ with both water and alcohol.
miscible
Propylene glycol is frequently substituted for ______ in modern pharmaceutical formulations.
Propylene glycol is frequently substituted for ______ in modern pharmaceutical formulations.
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Rubbing alcohol should be stored in tight containers away from ______.
Rubbing alcohol should be stored in tight containers away from ______.
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Purified Water, USP, is obtained by distillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or other suitable ______.
Purified Water, USP, is obtained by distillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or other suitable ______.
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Alcohol, USP is 94.9 to 96% ______ by volume.
Alcohol, USP is 94.9 to 96% ______ by volume.
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Diluted Alcohol, NF, is prepared by mixing equal volumes of Alcohol, USP, and Purified ______.
Diluted Alcohol, NF, is prepared by mixing equal volumes of Alcohol, USP, and Purified ______.
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Alcohol is often used in liquid products as an antimicrobial ______.
Alcohol is often used in liquid products as an antimicrobial ______.
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Certain drugs are insoluble in water and must be dissolved in an alternative ______.
Certain drugs are insoluble in water and must be dissolved in an alternative ______.
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The strength of Diluted Alcohol, NF is approximately ______%.
The strength of Diluted Alcohol, NF is approximately ______%.
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Amount of Alcohol USP in OTC products for children under 6 years of age is limited to ______ %
Amount of Alcohol USP in OTC products for children under 6 years of age is limited to ______ %
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Alcohol is frequently used with other solvents such as glycols and ______ to reduce the amount of alcohol required.
Alcohol is frequently used with other solvents such as glycols and ______ to reduce the amount of alcohol required.
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Study Notes
Solvents for Liquid Preparations
- Purified Water, USP: Obtained by distillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or other suitable methods. Prepared from water meeting EPA drinking water standards. Has fewer solid impurities than ordinary drinking water. Intended for aqueous dosage forms, except parenteral (injections).
Alcohol, USP: Ethyl Alcohol, Ethanol
- Most useful solvent in pharmacy next to water.
- 94.9-96% C₂H₅OH by volume (v/v).
- Forms a hydroalcoholic mixture with water, dissolving both water-soluble and alcohol-soluble substances. Useful for extracting active constituents from crude drugs.
- Used as a solvent and excipient in oral pharmaceutical products. Also with other solvents (glycols and glycerin) to reduce alcohol amount in liquid dosage forms.
- Used as an antimicrobial preservative (alone or with other agents).
- Concerns about pharmacological and potential toxic effects..
- Alcohol limits in OTC products vary by age group (under 6 = 0.5%, 6-12 = 5%, over 12 = 10%).
Diluted Alcohol, NF
- Prepared by mixing equal volumes of Alcohol, USP, and Purified Water, USP.
- Strength is slightly less than half of concentrated alcohol (approximately 49%).
- Useful hydroalcoholic solvent in pharmaceutical processes and preparations.
Rubbing Alcohol
- Synonym: alcohol rubbing compound.
- Contains approximately 70% ethyl alcohol by volume, with water, denaturants, color additives, and perfume oils/stabilizers.
- Used externally as a rubefacient (for bedridden patients), germicide (for instruments), and skin cleanser (prior to injections).
- Also used as a vehicle for topical preparations.
- Volatile and flammable, should be stored in tight containers away from fire.
Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol
- Approximately 70% isopropyl alcohol by volume, with water, stabilizers, color additives, and perfume oils.
- Commercially available as 1% isopropyl alcohol solution. Used for disinfecting needles, syringes, and skin for diabetic patients.
- Used externally as a rubefacient and skin soother.
- Serves as a vehicle for topical preparations.
Glycerin, USP (Glycerol)
- Clear, syrupy liquid with a sweet taste.
- Miscible with both water and alcohol.
- A preservative and stabilizer often used as an auxiliary solvent in combination with water or alcohol.
- Used in many internal and external preparations.
Propylene Glycol, USP
- Viscous liquid, miscible with water and alcohol.
- Useful solvent with a wide range of applications.
- Often substituted for glycerin in modern pharmaceutical formulations.
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Description
Explore the role of solvents in liquid pharmaceutical preparations, focusing on Purified Water and Alcohol (Ethanol). This quiz highlights their properties, uses, and safety considerations in pharmaceutical formulations. Understand the importance of these solvents in creating effective dosage forms.
