Pharmaceutical Research Module Quiz

A field that deals with the design, development, and production of pharmaceuticals.

A science that focuses on the discovery, development, and optimization of drugs.

A method that utilizes computational techniques to identify potential drug candidates.

Small molecules that have a specific biological activity.

A technique that uses computer simulations to model molecular interactions.

A teaching method where students actively participate in learning by completing tasks before lecture.

A component of a course that is graded for performance.

A component of a course intended to check understanding, but not graded.

The study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter. It's fundamental to understanding how drugs work and how they interact with the body.

The tendency of a substance to dissolve in a solvent; important for how well a drug can be absorbed by the body.

The tendency of a molecule to be attracted to fats or lipids; important for drug's ability to cross cell membranes.

The branch of chemistry that studies the structure and reactions of carbon-containing compounds; crucial for understanding the vast majority of drugs and drug targets.

Specialized molecules within the body that accelerate chemical reactions; essential for drug metabolism and breakdown.

Proteins on the surface of cells that act as receptors for drugs; they mediate drug action.

A branch of chemistry that studies the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions; important for understanding how drugs degrade and their stability.

The principles of energy and its transformation within systems; helps explain how drugs exert their effects at the molecular level.

A molecule that shows the desired activity in a screening assay, indicating potential as a drug candidate.

Test systems used to evaluate the effects of drug candidates at different levels, such as cellular or biochemical.

A process involving screening many compounds to identify potential drug candidates.

A systematic approach to modify the structure of a hit molecule to improve its activity and properties.

A chemical compound that demonstrates promising activity and potential for drug development.

A process that aims to optimize the properties of a lead compound, making it more potent and better suited for development.

High-throughput screening (HTS) is a powerful technique that makes it possible to screen millions of compounds for potential drug candidates.

Virtual screening is a computer-based method used to predict the binding affinity of molecules to a target, identifying potential drug candidates.

The initial stage of drug development where potential drug candidates are screened and tested for their activity against the targeted disease.

Studies conducted to evaluate a drug's potential for off-target effects, like harm to healthy cells or DNA.

Measurements of how a drug interacts with the body, including how it's absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.

Tests on living animals (mice, hamsters, dogs, etc.) using unrestricted dosages to assess a drug's effectiveness, safety, and how it's processed by the body.

The process of finding the optimal dosage for a drug, balancing effectiveness with safety.

Different ways to deliver a drug into the body, such as orally, topically, or through injections.

The three phases of human clinical trials, involving healthy volunteers and patients, to test the drug's safety, efficacy, and overall benefit-risk profile.

The final stage of clinical development where the drug is tested on a large number of patients to gather comprehensive data on its safety, efficacy, and overall benefit-risk profile.

A phase of drug development where a new drug is tested on a small group of healthy volunteers to assess safety and effectiveness. The aim is to evaluate the drug's kinetic properties, i.e., how it is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body.

A phase of drug development where a new drug is tested on a larger group of patients with the target disease to determine efficacy and safety. This phase involves more detailed studies to better understand the drug's effectiveness, optimal dosage, and adverse effects.

A phase of drug development where a new drug is tested on a large group of patients with the target disease to confirm efficacy, monitor safety and compare it to standard treatments. This phase is often designed to evaluate the drug's long-term safety and effectiveness, and its benefit-risk profile is carefully assessed.

A phase in drug development where a new drug is monitored for effectiveness and safety in a broader population after it has received regulatory approval. This phase is important for post-market surveillance to track unexpected effects or long-term consequences of the drug.

A situation where a drug fails to show sufficient benefit in clinical trials or exhibits unacceptable side effects. It can be due to factors like insufficient efficacy, high toxicity, poor pharmacokinetic properties, or problems with patient recruitment.

A process where regulatory agencies like the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluate the data from clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of a new drug before granting approval. This includes reviewing clinical trial reports, manufacturing processes, and labelling information.

The probability or likelihood of a new drug being approved after completing clinical trials. It reflects the success rate of drugs progressing through the regulatory process.

A regulatory authority responsible for approving new drugs and ensuring their safety and effectiveness. These agencies play a crucial role in protecting public health by regulating the pharmaceutical industry.

The phase of drug development where the safety and pharmacokinetics of a potential drug are evaluated in a small group (~100) of healthy volunteers to determine safe dosage and identify potential side effects.

A molecule that exhibits the desired activity in a screening assay, demonstrating its potential as a drug candidate.

The process of monitoring the safety of an approved drug after it is released to the market. This includes collecting reports from healthcare professionals, patients, and manufacturers to identify any potential risks or side effects.

The composite success rate in drug discovery has been influenced by improvements in various stages of the drug development process, including Phase I (safety), Phase III (efficacy), and regulatory approvals.

A molecule that has shown promising activity in pre-clinical studies and is considered a potential drug candidate, and is further developed to optimize its properties for clinical trials.

The process of systematically altering the structure of a 'hit compound' to enhance its activity, potency, and other properties, aiming to make it a more suitable drug candidate.

The field of drug discovery that involves searching for and identifying potential drug candidates from a large library of chemical compounds.

They represent a significant part of new drug launches in recent years, with 56% of launches between 2019-2023 belonging to this category.