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Questions and Answers
What is the term used for the original pharmacologically active compound from which synthetic analogues are developed?
What is the term used for the original pharmacologically active compound from which synthetic analogues are developed?
Who isolated anti-toxins from the body as a cure for diptheria in the 1890s?
Who isolated anti-toxins from the body as a cure for diptheria in the 1890s?
Which scientist developed methods for staining tissue, enabling the distinction between different types of blood cells?
Which scientist developed methods for staining tissue, enabling the distinction between different types of blood cells?
During which century were synthetic substances introduced as drugs?
During which century were synthetic substances introduced as drugs?
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Who is credited with establishing principles linking specific microorganisms to specific diseases?
Who is credited with establishing principles linking specific microorganisms to specific diseases?
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What term describes the process of finding a bioassay in drug discovery?
What term describes the process of finding a bioassay in drug discovery?
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What type of drug target specificity requires enzyme inhibition to be specific to a single enzyme?
What type of drug target specificity requires enzyme inhibition to be specific to a single enzyme?
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Which method involves automated testing of lots of compounds against lots of targets?
Which method involves automated testing of lots of compounds against lots of targets?
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Which source is NOT typically used for isolating lead compounds during drug discovery?
Which source is NOT typically used for isolating lead compounds during drug discovery?
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In drug discovery, what is NOT an application of in vitro tests?
In drug discovery, what is NOT an application of in vitro tests?
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Which technique measures the change of energy of binding between a ligand and a target?
Which technique measures the change of energy of binding between a ligand and a target?
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Which of the following is NOT a source of compounds for random screening in drug discovery?
Which of the following is NOT a source of compounds for random screening in drug discovery?
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What can be a result of false positives/hits in high throughput screening?
What can be a result of false positives/hits in high throughput screening?
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Which method detects binding to a protein target using an optical approach?
Which method detects binding to a protein target using an optical approach?
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What type of compounds are typically considered the active principle in natural products for lead compound discovery?
What type of compounds are typically considered the active principle in natural products for lead compound discovery?
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Which approach involves simultaneous reactions of a set of compounds with another set to create combinatorial libraries?
Which approach involves simultaneous reactions of a set of compounds with another set to create combinatorial libraries?
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What is Lipinski's rule of 5 criteria for drug characteristics?
What is Lipinski's rule of 5 criteria for drug characteristics?
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What field did Buproprion start in before becoming an antismoking aid?
What field did Buproprion start in before becoming an antismoking aid?
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What is the main focus of Stereoisomerism in drug discovery?
What is the main focus of Stereoisomerism in drug discovery?
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Which process is crucial in Lead Optimisation of drug development?
Which process is crucial in Lead Optimisation of drug development?
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What is the primary purpose of Fragment-based lead discovery in drug design?
What is the primary purpose of Fragment-based lead discovery in drug design?
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Why are Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR) important in drug design?
Why are Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR) important in drug design?
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Which technique is commonly used for structure determination in drug discovery?
Which technique is commonly used for structure determination in drug discovery?
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'Isosteres and bioisosteres' are primarily used for what purpose in drug design?
'Isosteres and bioisosteres' are primarily used for what purpose in drug design?
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'Rigidification of structure' in drug design aims to achieve what outcome?
'Rigidification of structure' in drug design aims to achieve what outcome?
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What is the most critical aspect to consider in Lead Optimisation of drug development?
What is the most critical aspect to consider in Lead Optimisation of drug development?
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What concept did Ehrlich popularize?
What concept did Ehrlich popularize?
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What led to the discovery of the cure for syphilis?
What led to the discovery of the cure for syphilis?
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What is the main focus when choosing a disease to target for designing a new drug?
What is the main focus when choosing a disease to target for designing a new drug?
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Which organization is known for its involvement in funding drug development in both developed and developing countries?
Which organization is known for its involvement in funding drug development in both developed and developing countries?
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What is the general timeframe from conception to approval of a new drug?
What is the general timeframe from conception to approval of a new drug?
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Which factor plays a crucial role in selecting a drug target?
Which factor plays a crucial role in selecting a drug target?
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What is the key to developing effective drugs according to the text?
What is the key to developing effective drugs according to the text?
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What is the significance of compound screening in drug discovery?
What is the significance of compound screening in drug discovery?
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What is the primary focus when determining a new drug's lead compound?
What is the primary focus when determining a new drug's lead compound?
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What plays a crucial role in drug development once a molecule is decided to be put into phase I clinical trials?
What plays a crucial role in drug development once a molecule is decided to be put into phase I clinical trials?
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Study Notes
The Science of Medicine: Discovery & Design of Drugs
Lecture 1 Overview
- Discovery and design of drugs: a complex process involving multiple disciplines
- Two main stages: drug discovery and drug development
- Medicinal chemistry plays a key role in the drug discovery process
The Magic Bullet Concept
- Developed by Paul Ehrlich in the early 20th century
- The idea of a "magic bullet" that can target and kill specific bacteria without harming the body
- Led to the development of the first chemotherapeutic agent, Salvarsan 606, to cure syphilis
Drug Discovery Processes
- Identification of a disease and a suitable drug target
- Screening for leads: natural products, synthetic compounds, and biologicals
- Lead optimization: modifying the lead compound to achieve the desired properties
- Preclinical evaluation: in vitro and in vivo tests to assess efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics
Choosing a Disease and a Drug Target
- Unmet medical needs: identifying diseases with limited treatment options
- Economic factors: considering the cost of development and potential return on investment
- Developing world diseases: often neglected due to limited financial resources
- Philanthropic efforts: organizations like the Wellcome Trust and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Choosing a Drug Target
- Discovering drug targets through biological effects, observation, and proteomics/genomics
- Identifying suitable receptors, enzymes, and nucleic acids as targets
- Advances in proteomics and genomics have improved understanding of drug targets
- Orphan receptors: targets with unknown ligands
- Compound screening: a common approach to identify potential leads
Target Specificity and Selectivity
- Importance of specificity and selectivity in drug design
- Achieving selectivity between species, e.g., antibacterial targets
- Advantages of selectivity: reduced side effects and improved efficacy
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Discovery & Design of Drugs discussed in MSOP1016 Lecture 1: Discovery & Design of Drugs. This quiz covers topics such as drug discovery, finding a lead, and pharmaceutical chemistry.
