Pharmaceutical Properties of Macrogols
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of the ointment base that is water-soluble?

  • Non-irritant to the skin
  • Hydrophobic in nature
  • Easily washed off the skin and clothes (correct)
  • Difficult to wash off the skin

    • Which of the following is a disadvantage of water-soluble ointment bases?

  • They are greasy in nature
  • They are expensive to produce
  • They are non-occlusive (correct)
  • They are difficult to wash off the skin

    • What is the main characteristic of type A anhydrous ointment base?

  • Hydrophilic in nature
  • Non-occlusive
  • Water-soluble
  • Insoluble in water (correct)

    • Which of the following is an example of a hydrophilic ointment base?

    <p>Gelatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of type B hydrophobic ointment base?

    <p>Insoluble in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of water-soluble ointment bases?

    <p>Difficult to wash off the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of type C water-soluble ointment base?

    <p>Water-soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an emulsion ointment base?

    <p>Cold cream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of absorption bases?

    <p>Being highly compatible with most drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between W/O emulsion and O/W emulsion?

    <p>The external phase of the emulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of beeswax in ointment preparations?

    <p>As a stiffening agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of O/W emulsion ointment bases?

    <p>They are water-washable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of Hydrous Wool fat (lanolin)?

    <p>70% wool fat + 30% purified water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of O/W emulsion ointment bases?

    <p>Miscible with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of W/O emulsion ointment bases?

    <p>Being highly greasy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Whitfield’s Ointment commonly used for?

    <p>As an antifungal agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of base is characterized by being insoluble in water and not water removable?

    <p>B- Hydrophobic base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Absorption bases (emulsifiable bases)?

    <p>They allow incorporation of aqueous solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a Hydrophilic Absorption base?

    <p>Cold cream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using Absorption bases (emulsifiable bases) in ointment preparation?

    <p>They allow incorporation of aqueous solutions and retain their ointment-like consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Absorption base does not contain water but contains a w/o emulsifying agent?

    <p>Anhydrous Absorption base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a Hydrous Absorption base?

    <p>It is a w/o emulsion that accepts addition of more aqueous solution up to 50% of its weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using ointment bases that allow incorporation of aqueous solutions?

    <p>They allow adding aqueous drugs and absorbing exudates from moist lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an Anhydrous Absorption base?

    <p>Wool fat (anhydrous lanolin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of water-washable ointment bases?

    <p>Easily removed from skin and clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do patients prefer creams over ointments?

    <p>Because creams spread more readily and are washable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of hydrophilic ointment bases?

    <p>They are subject to mold growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of water-soluble ointment bases?

    <p>They soften with the addition of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a property of polyethylene glycol (PEG)?

    <p>It is a polymer of ethylene oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of PEGs with higher molecular weights?

    <p>They are wax-like, white solids with increasing hardness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of water-soluble ointment bases?

    <p>They are greaseless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another example of a water-soluble ointment base?

    <p>Gelatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of oleaginous bases in terms of skin hydration?

    <p>They form a water-proof film that inhibits water loss from the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of oleaginous bases?

    <p>Hydrophobic and water insoluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of oleaginous bases in terms of application?

    <p>They are unpleasant to apply and can stain clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of oleaginous base?

    <p>Yellow Petrolatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are oleaginous bases poor at incorporating water-soluble drugs?

    <p>Because they have a low water absorption capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using white Petrolatum over yellow Petrolatum?

    <p>It is more pleasant to apply and less likely to stain clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of oleaginous bases in terms of drug release?

    <p>They have a slow or unsure drug release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are oleaginous bases good emollients?

    <p>Because they form a water-proof film that inhibits water loss from the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification of Ointment Bases

    • Ointment bases can be classified into four main categories: Oleaginous, Absorption, Emulsion, and Water-Soluble bases.

    Oleaginous Bases

    • Characteristics:
      • Anhydrous (do not contain water)
      • Hydrophobic (do not absorb water)
      • Insoluble in water
      • Not water-removable (difficult to wash off)
    • Examples:
      • Petrolatum (Vaseline)
      • Fixed oils of vegetable origin (olive oil, cottonseed oil)
      • Oils and fats of animal origin (lard)
    • Advantages:
      • Highly inert and compatible with most drugs
      • Easily spread on skin
      • Readily available and cheap
      • Remain on skin for a prolonged period without drying out
      • Good emollients (keep skin hydrated and soft)
      • Improve penetration of drugs through skin
    • Disadvantages:
      • Sticky and unpleasant to apply
      • Difficult to remove from skin and clothing
      • May rancid on storage

    Absorption Bases

    • Characteristics:
      • Allow incorporation of aqueous solutions
      • Can absorb quantities of water or aqueous medication
      • Form w/o emulsions and retain ointment-like consistency
    • Examples:
      • Lanolin (anhydrous lanolin)
      • Hydrous wool fat (lanolin)
      • Beeswax
    • Advantages:
      • Highly compatible with most drugs (hydrophilic and lipophilic)
      • Easier to spread
      • Can absorb exudates from moist lesions
    • Disadvantages:
      • Greasy and non-washable
      • Less occlusive than oleaginous bases

    Emulsion Bases

    • Characteristics:
      • O/W emulsions
      • Hydrous (contain water)
      • Hydrophilic
      • Insoluble in water
      • Water-removable
    • Examples:
      • Hydrophilic ointment
      • Vanishing cream
      • Whitfield's Ointment (Compound Benzoic Acid Ointment)
    • Advantages:
      • Non-greasy
      • Water-washable
      • Better cosmetic appearance
      • Good contact with skin
    • Disadvantages:
      • Non-occlusive
      • Subject to mold growth (require preservatives)

    Water-Soluble Bases

    • Characteristics:
      • Anhydrous
      • Hydrophilic
      • Water-soluble
      • Water-removable
      • Greaseless
    • Examples:
      • Polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers
      • Polyethylene oxide (PEO)
      • Gelatin
      • Pectin
      • Sodium alginate
    • Advantages:
      • Non-greasy
      • Water-soluble
      • Good solvent properties for water-soluble dermatological drugs
      • No water content, so no hydrolysis, rancidity, or microbial growth
    • Disadvantages:
      • None mentioned

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    Description

    This quiz covers the advantages and disadvantages of macrogols, a type of pharmaceutical product. Learn about their solubility, absorption, and solvent properties, as well as their limitations.

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