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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of a dispersed system in pharmaceutical liquid preparation?
What is the definition of a dispersed system in pharmaceutical liquid preparation?
- The particle distributed is referred to as the dispersed system, and the vehicle is termed the dispersing phase or dispersing medium.
- The particle distributed is referred to as the dispersing medium, and the vehicle is termed the dispersed phase.
- The particle distributed is referred to as the dispersing phase, and the vehicle is termed the dispersed system.
- The particle distributed is referred to as the dispersed phase, and the vehicle is termed the dispersing phase or dispersing medium. (correct)
What type of dispersion has particles in the nanometer range?
What type of dispersion has particles in the nanometer range?
- Fine dispersion
- Coarse dispersion
- Molecular dispersion
- Colloidal dispersion (correct)
Which type of pharmaceutical mixture is spatially homogeneous and thermodynamically stable?
Which type of pharmaceutical mixture is spatially homogeneous and thermodynamically stable?
- Solutions (correct)
- Particle dispersions (powder blends)
- Colloidal dispersions
- Liquid dispersions (particles in liquid)
In which pharmaceutical systems are surface chemistry processes important?
In which pharmaceutical systems are surface chemistry processes important?
What does the CMC stand for in the context of surfactants?
What does the CMC stand for in the context of surfactants?
How does the HLB of a surfactant relate to the contact angle of the solution against a solid?
How does the HLB of a surfactant relate to the contact angle of the solution against a solid?
What does the Gibbs equation describe in relation to surfactants?
What does the Gibbs equation describe in relation to surfactants?
What is the relationship between the CMC and the fatty acid chain length of surfactants?
What is the relationship between the CMC and the fatty acid chain length of surfactants?
What affects alcohol efficiency in lowering water's $\gamma_{LV}$?
What affects alcohol efficiency in lowering water's $\gamma_{LV}$?
What do nonionic surfactants have?
What do nonionic surfactants have?
How are surfactants classified based on their polarity?
How are surfactants classified based on their polarity?
What does lower HLB indicate?
What does lower HLB indicate?
What does monolayer adsorption on solid surfaces generally lead to?
What does monolayer adsorption on solid surfaces generally lead to?
At what concentration does monolayer adsorption on solid surfaces saturate?
At what concentration does monolayer adsorption on solid surfaces saturate?
What does the Gibbs equation describe?
What does the Gibbs equation describe?
When does surface tension lowering cease?
When does surface tension lowering cease?
What affects micelle formation?
What affects micelle formation?
What is used to calculate surface excess and area occupied per molecule for a surfactant?
What is used to calculate surface excess and area occupied per molecule for a surfactant?
What are examples of liquid dispersions in pharmaceutical applications?
What are examples of liquid dispersions in pharmaceutical applications?
What are advantages of liquid dispersions relative to solutions in pharmaceutical applications?
What are advantages of liquid dispersions relative to solutions in pharmaceutical applications?
What are disadvantages of liquid dispersions in pharmaceutical applications?
What are disadvantages of liquid dispersions in pharmaceutical applications?
What are the three general physical instability problems for liquid dispersions?
What are the three general physical instability problems for liquid dispersions?
What is surface tension (γ) defined as?
What is surface tension (γ) defined as?
What does interfacial tension of water against immiscible liquids influence?
What does interfacial tension of water against immiscible liquids influence?
What factors affect contact angle and determine the wetting of solids by liquids?
What factors affect contact angle and determine the wetting of solids by liquids?
What strategies are involved in improving wetting of solids by liquids?
What strategies are involved in improving wetting of solids by liquids?
What do contact angles of water with various pharmaceutical solids demonstrate?
What do contact angles of water with various pharmaceutical solids demonstrate?
Study Notes
Liquid Dispersions in Pharmaceutical Applications
- Liquid dispersions in pharmaceutical applications include suspensions, emulsions, and foams, which are not spatially homogeneous and are thermodynamically unstable.
- Examples of liquid dispersions in pharmaceutical applications are suspensions (solid-in-liquid), emulsions (liquid-in-liquid), and foams (vapor-in-liquid), used for various administration routes.
- Advantages of liquid dispersions relative to solutions include prolonged chemical stability of the drug, masking poor tasting drugs, ease of swallowing, and administering less soluble drugs in convenient volumes.
- Disadvantages of liquid dispersions include non-uniform mixing of particles, floating, agglomeration, and sticking to the container.
- Three general physical instability problems for liquid dispersions are non-wetting, aggregation/coalescence, and sedimentation/creaming, leading to non-uniformity of particle dispersion within the liquid.
- H-bonding of water molecules at the surface versus the bulk is an important factor in liquid dispersions.
- Surface tension, illustrated by a three-sided wire frame, is the force that must be applied to break the film over the length of the bar in contact with the film.
- Surface tension (γ) is defined as the increase in surface free energy per unit area when increasing the surface area, and it correlates with the strength of intermolecular forces.
- Interfacial tension (L-L or L-S interface) of water against immiscible liquids and its impact on wettability of solids is influenced by the surface tension.
- Factors affecting contact angle, such as Young’s Equation, determine the wetting of solids by liquids.
- To promote wetting, certain changes in interfacial area must occur, and strategies to improve wetting involve lowering γSL, lowering γLV, or raising γSV.
- Contact angles of water with various pharmaceutical solids demonstrate the varying degrees of wetting for different materials.
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Description
Test your knowledge of liquid dispersions in pharmaceutical applications with this quiz. Explore the advantages and disadvantages of suspensions, emulsions, and foams, and learn about the physical instability problems that can occur. Delve into the factors affecting wetting and the impact of surface tension and interfacial tension on liquid dispersions.