Pharmaceutical Excipients Review for Exam 2 PHA 339
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Questions and Answers

Which excipient is commonly used as an antioxidant?

  • Cellulose acetate phthalate
  • Magnesium stearate
  • Lactose
  • Ascorbic acid (correct)

    • Which is an example of a hydrophilic or water-soluble base used as a suppository base?

  • Theobroma oil
  • Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (correct)
  • Cocoa butter
  • Ascorbic acid

    • Which is a synthetic, biodegradable polymer?

  • Chitosan
  • Gelatin
  • Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) (correct)
  • Hyaluronic acid

    • What is the approximate percentage of glycine in the amino acid composition of gelatin?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid has the lowest percentage in the composition of gelatin?

    <p>Methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common excipient mentioned in the text?

    <p>Sodium benzoic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of proline and hydroxyproline combined in the amino acid composition of gelatin?

    <p>24%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids has the second highest percentage in the composition of gelatin?

    <p>Glutamic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a naturally-derived, non-synthetic polymer mentioned in the text?

    <p>Gelatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of linkages are present in starch?

    <p>1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of cellulose?

    <p>It has 1,4-beta-glycosidic linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disintegrant used in tablet formulations?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a lubricant used in tablet formulations?

    <p>Magnesium stearate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of gelatin?

    <p>Denatured collagen triple helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common coating material for tablets?

    <p>Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common coating material for capsules?

    <p>Gelatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of magnesium stearate?

    <p>It is a lubricant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between starch and cellulose in terms of their structure?

    <p>Starch has 1,4-alpha linkages, while cellulose has 1,4-beta linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of pharmaceutical excipients?

    <p>To maintain the integrity of the dosage form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should pharmaceutical ingredients be stabilized towards different factors?

    <p>To prevent oxidation and degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which excipient is used to inhibit microbial growth in semi-solid dosage forms?

    <p>Cocoa butter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which excipient should be used to avoid degradation of metals ions in solutions?

    <p>Glycerin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microcrystalline cellulose as a diluent?

    <p>As a binder and lubricant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are enteric coatings used in pharmaceutical formulations?

    <p>To help maintain pH for drug stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes pharmaceutical excipients from active ingredients?

    <p>They do not have therapeutic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pharmaceutical excipients help maintain drug stability?

    <p>By preventing degradation and interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cocoa butter in semi-solid dosage forms?

    <p>To inhibit microbial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of monolaurate in the context provided?

    <p>Indicating the number of repeating groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a synthetic biodegradable polymer mentioned in the text?

    <p>Poly(vinyl alcohol)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the degradation mechanism for PLA, PGA, PLGA, and PCL polymers?

    <p>Bulk degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a natural polymer mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using magnesium stearate in pharmaceutical formulations?

    <p>Lubricant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polymer has the highest molecular weight range according to the table?

    <p>PVP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using cellulose acetate phthalate in pharmaceutical formulations?

    <p>Enteric coating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a buffering agent mentioned in the text?

    <p>Citric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations?

    <p>To stop or inhibit microorganism growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) as an enteric coating?

    <p>To protect the drug from degradation in the stomach's acidic environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the pH and the ionization state of carboxylic acids?

    <p>Carboxylic acids are non-ionized at acidic pH and ionized at basic pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical range of pKa values for carboxylic acids?

    <p>3-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the number following 'polysorbate' in the name of surfactants like Tween 20, 40, 60, and 80?

    <p>It is related to the type of fatty acid associated with the molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical range of HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) values for highly lipophilic surfactants?

    <p>1-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are highly lipophilic surfactants produced?

    <p>By transesterification of glycerol and triacylglycerides (fatty acids)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chemical process is involved in the production of gelatin?

    <p>Denaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which animals are body parts typically used for the production of gelatin?

    <p>Cattle, pigs, and horses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ionization state of a carboxylic acid when the pH is equal to its pKa value?

    <p>Equally ionized and non-ionized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmaceutical Excipients

    • Pharmaceutical excipients are any ingredient in a dosage form other than the active ingredient, with no therapeutic effect but still important.
    • They must be stabilized against environmental factors, interactions between ingredients, and manufacturing stress.

    Types of Excipients

    • Binders: starch, cellulose
    • Disintegrants: starch, carboxy methyl cellulose, calcium
    • Lubricants: magnesium stearate
    • Anti-oxidants: ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole, ascorbyl palmitate, alpha-tocopherol
    • Preservatives: parabens, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate
    • Coatings: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), gelatin
    • Buffers: citric acid, tartaric acid, sodium bicarbonate, lactic acid

    Function of Excipients

    • Lactose: diluent
    • Magnesium stearate: lubricant
    • Cellulose acetate phthalate: enteric coating
    • Ascorbic acid: anti-oxidant

    Properties of Excipients

    • Gelatin: amino acid composition (glycine 21%, proline 12%, etc.)
    • Cellulose: 1,4-beta-glycosidic linkages
    • Starch: 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages
    • Polyethylene glycol (PEG): ethylene oxide chains linked through partial hydrolysis of collagen
    • Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA): synthetic biodegradable polymer

    Biodegradable Polymers

    • Natural polymers: fibrin, collagen, chitosan, gelatin, hyaluronic acid
    • Synthetic polymers: PLA, PGA, PLGA, PCL, polyorthoesters, poly(dioxanone), poly(anhydrides), poly(trimethylene carbonate), polyphosphazenes
    • Degradation mechanisms: enzymatic, hydrolysis, homogeneous, heterogeneous, surface erosion, bulk degradation

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    Pharmaceutical Excipients PDF

    Description

    Prepare for your exam by reviewing different types of pharmaceutical excipients, their properties, and functions. This quiz excludes questions on excipient structures.

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