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Questions and Answers
Which of the following binders is NOT a natural binder?
What is the primary function of fillers in a formulation?
Which of the following lubricants is hydrophilic?
What is the primary function of preservatives in a formulation?
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Which of the following coatings is NOT a film coating?
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What is the primary function of binders in a formulation?
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Which of the following fillers is organic?
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What is the primary function of lubricants in a formulation?
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Which of the following preservatives is an antioxidant?
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Which of the following coatings is an enteric coating?
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Study Notes
Binders
- Definition: Substances that hold the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) together to form a solid dosage form
- Function: Improve the strength and cohesion of tablets or granules
- Examples:
- Natural binders: starch, cellulose, gelatin
- Synthetic binders: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Fillers
- Definition: Inert substances that add bulk to the formulation to make it easier to manufacture and handle
- Function: Increase the weight and volume of the final product
- Examples:
- Inorganic fillers: calcium phosphate, silica
- Organic fillers: lactose, starch, cellulose
Lubricants
- Definition: Substances that reduce the friction between the API and the machinery during manufacturing
- Function: Prevent sticking and wear on equipment, and improve the flow of powder during tableting
- Examples:
- Hydrophobic lubricants: magnesium stearate, calcium stearate
- Hydrophilic lubricants: sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearyl fumarate
Preservatives
- Definition: Substances that prevent the growth of microorganisms in the formulation
- Function: Protect the product from contamination and spoilage
- Examples:
- Antimicrobial preservatives: parabens, phenol, cresol
- Antioxidant preservatives: vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene
Coatings
- Definition: Outer layers applied to tablets or capsules to control the release of the API
- Function: Modify the release of the API, improve stability, and enhance appearance
- Examples:
- Film coatings: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP)
- Sugar coatings: sucrose, corn syrup
- Enteric coatings: cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)
Binders
- Hold the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) together to form a solid dosage form
- Improve the strength and cohesion of tablets or granules
- Examples of natural binders: starch, cellulose, gelatin
- Examples of synthetic binders: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Fillers
- Add bulk to the formulation to make it easier to manufacture and handle
- Increase the weight and volume of the final product
- Examples of inorganic fillers: calcium phosphate, silica
- Examples of organic fillers: lactose, starch, cellulose
Lubricants
- Reduce the friction between the API and the machinery during manufacturing
- Prevent sticking and wear on equipment, and improve the flow of powder during tableting
- Examples of hydrophobic lubricants: magnesium stearate, calcium stearate
- Examples of hydrophilic lubricants: sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearyl fumarate
Preservatives
- Prevent the growth of microorganisms in the formulation
- Protect the product from contamination and spoilage
- Examples of antimicrobial preservatives: parabens, phenol, cresol
- Examples of antioxidant preservatives: vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene
Coatings
- Modify the release of the API, improve stability, and enhance appearance
- Examples of film coatings: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP)
- Examples of sugar coatings: sucrose, corn syrup
- Examples of enteric coatings: cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)
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Description
Learn about the roles of binders and fillers in pharmaceutical formulations, including their definitions, functions, and examples.
