Pharmaceutical Excipients: Binders and Fillers
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following binders is NOT a natural binder?

  • Starch
  • Gelatin
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (correct)
  • Cellulose
  • What is the primary function of fillers in a formulation?

  • To improve the strength and cohesion of tablets or granules
  • To prevent the growth of microorganisms in the formulation
  • To increase the weight and volume of the final product (correct)
  • To reduce the friction between the API and the machinery during manufacturing
  • Which of the following lubricants is hydrophilic?

  • Calcium stearate
  • Magnesium stearate
  • Sodium lauryl sulfate (correct)
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
  • What is the primary function of preservatives in a formulation?

    <p>To prevent the growth of microorganisms in the formulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following coatings is NOT a film coating?

    <p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of binders in a formulation?

    <p>To improve the strength and cohesion of tablets or granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fillers is organic?

    <p>Lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lubricants in a formulation?

    <p>To reduce the friction between the API and the machinery during manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following preservatives is an antioxidant?

    <p>Vitamin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following coatings is an enteric coating?

    <p>Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Binders

    • Definition: Substances that hold the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) together to form a solid dosage form
    • Function: Improve the strength and cohesion of tablets or granules
    • Examples:
      • Natural binders: starch, cellulose, gelatin
      • Synthetic binders: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG)

    Fillers

    • Definition: Inert substances that add bulk to the formulation to make it easier to manufacture and handle
    • Function: Increase the weight and volume of the final product
    • Examples:
      • Inorganic fillers: calcium phosphate, silica
      • Organic fillers: lactose, starch, cellulose

    Lubricants

    • Definition: Substances that reduce the friction between the API and the machinery during manufacturing
    • Function: Prevent sticking and wear on equipment, and improve the flow of powder during tableting
    • Examples:
      • Hydrophobic lubricants: magnesium stearate, calcium stearate
      • Hydrophilic lubricants: sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearyl fumarate

    Preservatives

    • Definition: Substances that prevent the growth of microorganisms in the formulation
    • Function: Protect the product from contamination and spoilage
    • Examples:
      • Antimicrobial preservatives: parabens, phenol, cresol
      • Antioxidant preservatives: vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene

    Coatings

    • Definition: Outer layers applied to tablets or capsules to control the release of the API
    • Function: Modify the release of the API, improve stability, and enhance appearance
    • Examples:
      • Film coatings: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP)
      • Sugar coatings: sucrose, corn syrup
      • Enteric coatings: cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)

    Binders

    • Hold the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) together to form a solid dosage form
    • Improve the strength and cohesion of tablets or granules
    • Examples of natural binders: starch, cellulose, gelatin
    • Examples of synthetic binders: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG)

    Fillers

    • Add bulk to the formulation to make it easier to manufacture and handle
    • Increase the weight and volume of the final product
    • Examples of inorganic fillers: calcium phosphate, silica
    • Examples of organic fillers: lactose, starch, cellulose

    Lubricants

    • Reduce the friction between the API and the machinery during manufacturing
    • Prevent sticking and wear on equipment, and improve the flow of powder during tableting
    • Examples of hydrophobic lubricants: magnesium stearate, calcium stearate
    • Examples of hydrophilic lubricants: sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearyl fumarate

    Preservatives

    • Prevent the growth of microorganisms in the formulation
    • Protect the product from contamination and spoilage
    • Examples of antimicrobial preservatives: parabens, phenol, cresol
    • Examples of antioxidant preservatives: vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene

    Coatings

    • Modify the release of the API, improve stability, and enhance appearance
    • Examples of film coatings: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP)
    • Examples of sugar coatings: sucrose, corn syrup
    • Examples of enteric coatings: cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)

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    Description

    Learn about the roles of binders and fillers in pharmaceutical formulations, including their definitions, functions, and examples.

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