Pharmaceutical Chemistry Module 1 Quiz

Sublimation and Deposition

• Sublimation refers to the phase transition of matter from solid to gas (e.g., naphthalene balls).
• Deposition is the transition from gas to solid (e.g., dry ice).

Phases of Matter

• Matter is classified into solid, liquid, and gas based on properties.
• Solid: definite shape and volume, non-compressible.
• Liquid: indefinite shape, assumes the shape of the container, has a definite volume, non-compressible.
• Gas: indefinite shape and volume, highly compressible.

Matter Classification

• Pure Substance:
  • Divided into elements (simplest form) and compounds (two or more chemicals united, separable by chemical means).
• Mixture:
  • Comprises two or more substances where individual identities are retained, separable by physical means (e.g., distillation of alcohol and water).
  • Classified into:
    • Homogeneous (one phase; solution)
    • Heterogeneous (two phases; suspension or colloid, e.g., milk)

Plasma

• Plasma is the fourth state of matter and the most abundant state in the universe.
• Contains free-moving ions and electrons, making it susceptible to magnetic fields.
• Examples include ionized neon light, auroras, stars, and the sun.

Properties of Matter

• Extrinsic Properties:
  • Dependent on the amount of matter present; examples include length, mass/weight, volume, pressure, entropy, enthalpy, and electrical resistance.
• Intrinsic Properties:
  • Independent of the amount of matter; examples include density (e.g., water = 1 g/mL), viscosity, velocity, temperature, and color.

Phase Changes

• Phase changes include transitions between solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states.
• The order of intermolecular forces affects the stability of these phases:
  • Ionization strength: Solid > Liquid > Gas > Plasma
  • Enthalpy (heat/reaction energy): Plasma > Gas > Liquid > Solid

Fundamental Chemistry Laws

• Law of Conservation of Mass (Matter):
  • Proposed by Antoine Lavoisier, stating that mass/matter remains constant; it cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Sublimation and Deposition

• Sublimation refers to the phase transition of matter from solid to gas (e.g., naphthalene balls).
• Deposition is the transition from gas to solid (e.g., dry ice).

Phases of Matter

• Matter is classified into solid, liquid, and gas based on properties.
• Solid: definite shape and volume, non-compressible.
• Liquid: indefinite shape, assumes the shape of the container, has a definite volume, non-compressible.
• Gas: indefinite shape and volume, highly compressible.

Matter Classification

• Pure Substance:
  • Divided into elements (simplest form) and compounds (two or more chemicals united, separable by chemical means).
• Mixture:
  • Comprises two or more substances where individual identities are retained, separable by physical means (e.g., distillation of alcohol and water).
  • Classified into:
    • Homogeneous (one phase; solution)
    • Heterogeneous (two phases; suspension or colloid, e.g., milk)

Plasma

• Plasma is the fourth state of matter and the most abundant state in the universe.
• Contains free-moving ions and electrons, making it susceptible to magnetic fields.
• Examples include ionized neon light, auroras, stars, and the sun.

Properties of Matter

• Extrinsic Properties:
  • Dependent on the amount of matter present; examples include length, mass/weight, volume, pressure, entropy, enthalpy, and electrical resistance.
• Intrinsic Properties:
  • Independent of the amount of matter; examples include density (e.g., water = 1 g/mL), viscosity, velocity, temperature, and color.

Phase Changes

• Phase changes include transitions between solid, liquid, gas, and plasma states.
• The order of intermolecular forces affects the stability of these phases:
  • Ionization strength: Solid > Liquid > Gas > Plasma
  • Enthalpy (heat/reaction energy): Plasma > Gas > Liquid > Solid

Fundamental Chemistry Laws

• Law of Conservation of Mass (Matter):
  • Proposed by Antoine Lavoisier, stating that mass/matter remains constant; it cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Test your knowledge on sublimation and its applications in pharmaceutical chemistry. This quiz covers fundamental concepts related to matter and general chemistry, providing a comprehensive review for students. Ideal for those studying the PHLE curriculum.