PH Measurement in Beverages and Water

The pH of water is a measure of its free acidity or alkalinity, and is important for supply and sanitary engineers.

Acidity, represented by $H^+$ concentration, increases as pH drops from 7 to 0.

The formula for calculating pH is $pH = -log_{10}(1/[H^+])$.

<p>The pH of neutrality is 7, indicating equal concentration of $H^+$ ions and $OH^-$ ions in pure water at 25°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alkalinity, represented by $OH^-$ concentration, increases as pH rises from 7 to 14.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bicarbonates, carbonates, and hydroxide of alkali metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bicarbonate alkalinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaker 250 ml, Conical flasks, Pipette, Burette and Burette stand, Measuring cylinder, thermometer, pH meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydroxide alkalinity, carbonate alkalinity, and bicarbonate alkalinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ca, Mg, K, and Na</p> Signup and view all the answers