Petroleum and Metallurgical Processes

Fractional Distillation of Petroleum

• Heavier fractions are collected at lower levels of the distillation column.
• Petroleum gas is gathered from the topmost section of the column.
• Asphalt is a residue collected after distillation.
• Paraffin wax is extracted from the mid-level of the column.

Metallurgical Processes

• Coke is primarily used in the extraction of pure metals during metallurgical processes.

Terminology

• "Black gold" refers to petroleum, highlighting its value in the energy sector.

Uses of Petroleum Products

• Bitumen: Used for making paint and road surfacing.
• Fuel Oil: Serves as a heavy fuel for industrial applications including boilers and furnaces.
• Petrol and Light Naphtha: Commonly used as fuel for automobiles and as solvents in dry cleaning.
• Diesel: Utilized for trucks, buses, railway engines, and generators.

Chemical Composition and Reactions

• Coke contains a significant percentage of carbon.
• When ammonical liquor is treated with sulphuric acid, it forms superphosphate fertilizer.
• The process of separating chemical substances from coal tar is known as fractionation.

Destructive Distillation

• Destructive distillation of coal occurs in the absence of air.

Compounds in Dyes Production

• Compounds such as benzene, aniline, naphthalene, and phenol are utilized in the preparation of dyes.

Furnace Operations

• The maximum temperature maintained in the furnace during fractional distillation is crucial for efficiency but remains unspecified.

OPEC

• OPEC stands for the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, which regulates petroleum production levels.

Coal Distillation Products

• Majorly, seven new substances are produced from the destructive distillation of coal.

Definitions

• Carbonisation: The process of converting organic matter into carbon or carbon-containing residues through heat in the absence of air.
• Coal is classified into four categories based on carbon content and volatiles: anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite.

Explore the intricate processes of fractional distillation of petroleum and the essential role of coke in metallurgy. This quiz covers the valuable products derived from petroleum and their industrial applications. Test your knowledge on terminology, uses, and chemical compositions involved in these processes.