Persuasion and Argumentation Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of persuasion?

A challenge to a position

Evoking sorrow or pity

A collection of quantitative data

An appeal in order to compel some action (correct)

What does argumentation involve?

Evoking emotion

Support or evidence used to strengthen an argument

Forming reasons, drawing conclusions, and applying them to a case in debate (correct)

A judgment or view formed in the mind

Which of the following are purposes of argumentation? (Select all that apply)

Win an argument (correct)

Evoking sorrow

Increase interest (correct)

Support a cause (correct)

What are audience types?

People who have formed opinions and hold them tightly Signup and view all the answers

What is a claim?

Something asserted or maintained, the main point or position of your argument. Signup and view all the answers

What is a sub claim?

A subordinate point to a larger claim or position in your argument. Signup and view all the answers

What is support or evidence?

Support or evidence used to help strengthen your argument. Signup and view all the answers

What is refutation?

To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument. Signup and view all the answers

What is concession?

Conceding, acknowledging or admitting an opponent's point. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a fact?

An actual occurrence. Signup and view all the answers

What is a statistic?

A collection of quantitative data. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example/anecdote?

An individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern. Signup and view all the answers

What is an opinion?

A judgment, view, or appraisal formed in the mind. Signup and view all the answers

What is an analogy?

A comparison to a directly parallel case. Signup and view all the answers

What is authority/expertise in argumentation?

Support from an authority on the subject; expert advice or opinion. Signup and view all the answers

What are shared beliefs?

When a writer argues that if something is widely believed or valued, then readers should accept it. Signup and view all the answers

What is a causal relationship?

A writer asserts that one thing results from another. Signup and view all the answers

What is pathos?

Appeal based on emotion. Signup and view all the answers

What is logos?

Appeal based on logic or reason. Signup and view all the answers

What is ethos?

Appeal based on character of the speaker. Signup and view all the answers

What does sentimental refer to?

Evoking sorrow or pity. Signup and view all the answers

What does classical refer to in argumentation?

The most common tool for developing an argument is the syllogism. Signup and view all the answers

What is Rogerian argumentation?

To solve a problem by compromise. Signup and view all the answers

What is deductive reasoning?

Reasoning in the form of if A, then B. Signup and view all the answers

What is inductive reasoning?

Reasoning which starts specific, then goes general. Signup and view all the answers

What is ad hominem?

Attacks the personality of the individual. Signup and view all the answers

What is ad populum?

A proposition is held to be true because it is widely held to be true. Signup and view all the answers

What is ad vericundium?

Belief that something said by a great person is true, even if proven wrong. Signup and view all the answers

What is non sequitur?

When one statement isn't logically connected to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is a false analogy?

When two cases are not sufficiently parallel. Signup and view all the answers

What does post hoc refer to in reasoning?

Circular reasoning. Signup and view all the answers

What is overgeneralization?

Uses too few examples needed to reach a valid conclusion. Signup and view all the answers

What is stereotyping?

An oversimplified conception that one is regarded as embodying a set type. Signup and view all the answers

What is begging the question?

Assumes something to be true that needs proof. Signup and view all the answers

What is false authority?

When the person in question is not a legitimate authority on the subject. Signup and view all the answers

What is slippery slope?

One asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another without argument. Signup and view all the answers

What is equivocation?

Use of expressions susceptible of a double meaning. Signup and view all the answers

What is oversimplification?

When a writer obscures or denies the complexity of the issues in an argument. Signup and view all the answers

What is a double standard?

Set of principles permitting greater opportunity to one than to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is either/or reasoning?

Does not allow for any shades of meaning, compromise, or intermediate cases. Signup and view all the answers

What is a purple patch?

Overly ornate writing. Signup and view all the answers

What is a red herring?

A distractor. Signup and view all the answers

What is a smoke screen?

An opponent creates a weakened, incomplete version of an argument, then destroys it. Signup and view all the answers

What is a counterargument?

A challenge to a position; an opposing argument. Signup and view all the answers

What does call to action mean?

Words that urge the reader or listener to take action. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Arguments and Persuasion Terms

Persuasion: An appeal aimed at encouraging specific actions from the audience.
Argumentation: Involves forming reasons and drawing conclusions within a debate context.

Purposes of Argumentation

Supports a cause, encourages change, refutes existing theories, creates sympathy, raises interest, seeks to win arguments, and prompts action.

Understanding the Audience

Categories of audience:
- Uninterested and indifferent.
- Unformed opinions but eager to learn.
- Formed opinions, resistant to change.
- Open to different points of view despite their existing opinions.

Fundamental Terminology

Claim: The main assertion or position in an argument.
Sub claim: A supporting point related to the larger claim.
Support/Evidence: Information that strengthens an argument.
Refutation: Discrediting a counterargument.
Concession: Acknowledging an opponent's point, albeit reluctantly.
Fact: A verifiable occurrence.
Statistic: Quantitative data collection.
Example/Anecdote: A representative instance illustrating a point.
Opinion: Personal judgment or appraisal.
Analogy: A comparison drawn to a similar instance.

Argument Techniques

Authority/Expertise: Citing experts to bolster credibility.
Shared Beliefs: Leveraging widely held beliefs to persuade.
Causal Relationship: Suggesting one event influences another.
Pathos: Emotional appeal.
Logos: Logical reasoning.
Ethos: Credibility and character appeal of the speaker.

Persuasive Strategies

Sentimental: Evoking feelings of pity or sorrow.
Classical: Employing syllogism for argument development.
Rogerian: Seeking compromise to resolve disputes.

Reasoning Forms

Deductive: If A, then B reasoning.
Inductive: Specific to general reasoning.

Logical Fallacies

Ad hominem: Attacking the person rather than the argument.
Ad populum: Arguing based on popular belief rather than facts.
Ad vericundium: Trusting statements from respected figures despite changes in context.
Non sequitur: Poor logical connections between statements.
False Analogy: Comparing two dissimilar situations improperly.
Post Hoc: Circular reasoning errors.
Over Generalization: Drawing conclusions from insufficient examples.
Stereotyping: Oversimplifying and generalizing about a group.
Begging the Question: Assuming the truth of what needs proof.
False Authority: Citing unqualified sources as authorities.
Slippery Slope: Claiming one action inevitably leads to another without justification.
Equivocation: Using ambiguous language with double meanings.
Oversimplification: Ignoring complex aspects of an argument.
Double Standard: Applying different principles to similar scenarios.
Either/Or Reasoning: Presenting binary options without nuance.

Distracting Techniques

Purple Patch: Excessive use of ornate language.
Red Herring: Introducing irrelevant information to divert attention.
Smoke Screen: Attacking a distorted version of an argument instead of the actual position.

Engagement Strategies

Counterargument: Presenting opposing viewpoints to strengthen one's position.
Call to Action: Urging the audience to take specific actions based on the argument.

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Description

Test your understanding of key arguments and persuasion terms. This quiz covers the fundamental elements of argumentation, purposes of argumentation, and how to effectively understand different audience categories. Enhance your skills in crafting compelling arguments and persuasive messages.