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What is prohibited for a member of the jury during trial proceedings?
What is prohibited for a member of the jury during trial proceedings?
Which action would violate the Juries Act 1974 during the trial period?
Which action would violate the Juries Act 1974 during the trial period?
What may lead a jury member to face legal consequences under section 20B of the Juries Act 1974?
What may lead a jury member to face legal consequences under section 20B of the Juries Act 1974?
Under section 20C of the Juries Act 1974, what behavior might imply that a juror intends to deviate from the evidence presented?
Under section 20C of the Juries Act 1974, what behavior might imply that a juror intends to deviate from the evidence presented?
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Which of the following is not classified as a crime under the current jury laws?
Which of the following is not classified as a crime under the current jury laws?
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What is the role of the Lord Chief Justice?
What is the role of the Lord Chief Justice?
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What is the primary judicial role of district judges?
What is the primary judicial role of district judges?
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Which title holds the highest precedence after the Lord Chief Justice?
Which title holds the highest precedence after the Lord Chief Justice?
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Which of the following qualifications is required to become a district judge?
Which of the following qualifications is required to become a district judge?
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How are district judges appointed?
How are district judges appointed?
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Who is responsible for the judicial operation of the Supreme Court?
Who is responsible for the judicial operation of the Supreme Court?
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What is the correct mode of address for district judges in court?
What is the correct mode of address for district judges in court?
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What does the title 'Master of the Rolls' signify?
What does the title 'Master of the Rolls' signify?
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What does the Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC) oversee?
What does the Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC) oversee?
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What is the mode of address for the Lord Chief Justice in court?
What is the mode of address for the Lord Chief Justice in court?
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What is a lay member of the Judicial Appointments Commission?
What is a lay member of the Judicial Appointments Commission?
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Which of the following responsibilities is unique to the President of the Supreme Court?
Which of the following responsibilities is unique to the President of the Supreme Court?
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In which courts are district judges entitled to sit?
In which courts are district judges entitled to sit?
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Which court does the Lord Chief Justice have the authority to sit in?
Which court does the Lord Chief Justice have the authority to sit in?
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Who oversees the management of a division in the courts?
Who oversees the management of a division in the courts?
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What is the minimum duration a person must serve as a Deputy District Judge before becoming a District Judge?
What is the minimum duration a person must serve as a Deputy District Judge before becoming a District Judge?
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What is meant by the term 'lawyers' in the English legal system?
What is meant by the term 'lawyers' in the English legal system?
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How have the roles of barristers and solicitors changed in the English legal system?
How have the roles of barristers and solicitors changed in the English legal system?
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Who are considered laypersons within the English legal system?
Who are considered laypersons within the English legal system?
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Which individuals are included in the category of law officers in the English legal system?
Which individuals are included in the category of law officers in the English legal system?
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What role do court staff play in the English legal system?
What role do court staff play in the English legal system?
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Which statement is true regarding judges in the English legal system?
Which statement is true regarding judges in the English legal system?
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What is a primary function of magistrates in the English legal system?
What is a primary function of magistrates in the English legal system?
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Which professionals are considered legal executives in the English legal system?
Which professionals are considered legal executives in the English legal system?
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What is the principle that judges must uphold to ensure their independence?
What is the principle that judges must uphold to ensure their independence?
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What can lead to a judge's disqualification from a case?
What can lead to a judge's disqualification from a case?
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Which act provides for the tenure of judges in England and Wales?
Which act provides for the tenure of judges in England and Wales?
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What is the appropriate mode of address for superior judges in court?
What is the appropriate mode of address for superior judges in court?
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Under what condition can circuit and district judges be removed from office?
Under what condition can circuit and district judges be removed from office?
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Which of the following best defines superior judges according to Gillespie and Weare?
Which of the following best defines superior judges according to Gillespie and Weare?
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In practice, which case illustrates the principle of natural justice regarding judicial disqualification?
In practice, which case illustrates the principle of natural justice regarding judicial disqualification?
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Who has the authority to remove High Court and Court of Appeal judges?
Who has the authority to remove High Court and Court of Appeal judges?
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How many justices compose the Supreme Court?
How many justices compose the Supreme Court?
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What year was the Act of Settlement that affects judicial tenure enacted?
What year was the Act of Settlement that affects judicial tenure enacted?
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What title is used for ordinary judges of the Court of Appeal?
What title is used for ordinary judges of the Court of Appeal?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason for the removal of circuit and district judges?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the removal of circuit and district judges?
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What is a unique feature of how Lord Justices of Appeal sit in hearings?
What is a unique feature of how Lord Justices of Appeal sit in hearings?
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Which of the following correctly describes Puisne Judges?
Which of the following correctly describes Puisne Judges?
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Who appoints the Justices of the Supreme Court?
Who appoints the Justices of the Supreme Court?
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What title is designated to the judges who handle serious cases in the Crown Court?
What title is designated to the judges who handle serious cases in the Crown Court?
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Study Notes
Personnel of the English Legal System
- The English Legal System (ELS) comprises a complex array of professionals, both legal and lay.
- Traditionally, barristers and solicitors held distinct roles, but roles have since fused.
- Judges are not state employees, but hold office.
Key Personnel
- Legal Professionals (Lawyers): This category includes solicitors, barristers, legal executives, and paralegals.
- Solicitors: Traditionally generalist practitioners, often specializing in one or two areas within a firm (e.g., criminal, family, conveyancing). They are members of partnerships known as "firms" and are admitted to the 'Roll of Solicitors' by the Law Society.
- Barristers: Specialist advocates instructed by solicitors for court representation. They work in 'chambers' and hold higher rights of audience. They're distinguished from solicitors by working in chambers and the "cab rank rule", meaning they must accept cases within their expertise.
- Legal Executives & Paralegals: Relatively new professions, and increasingly acting as lawyers in their own right.
- Law Officers: The Attorney General and Solicitor General, responsible for the ELS's overall operation. They provide legal advice to the government.
- Court Staff: Clerks, ushers, legal advisors, and others who handle daily ELS operations.
Judiciary
- Judiciary is the body of judicial officers.
- Judges act as the interpreters and enforcers of laws, distinct from practicing lawyers.
- Senior judges include the Lord Chief Justice, Master of the Rolls, President of the Queen's Bench Division, and others.
Laypersons
- Magistrates: Part-time unpaid lay judges who preside over cases in magistrates' court and Youth Courts dealing primarily with less serious criminal offenses.
- Juries: Citizens who act as fact-finders in serious criminal trials. They hear the evidence, reach a verdict, and are essential to the criminal justice system.
Qualifications and Training
- Solicitors: Traditionally require a law degree and the Legal Practice Course (LPC) plus a training contract; nowadays there's the Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE).
- Barristers: Require a law degree or graduate diploma in law (GDL), and the Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC) and pupillage.
- Legal Executives (CILEX): Typically require practical training.
Regulation
- Solicitors: Regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) and must abide by the appropriate code of conduct, client care principles, and standards of ethics.
- Barristers: Regulated by the Bar Standards Board (BSB) with a handbook specifying the conduct code.
- Legal Executives and Paralegals: Regulated by the Chartered Institute of Legal Executives (CILEx) which has its own Code of Conduct.
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Description
Explore the various professionals within the English Legal System, including the differences between solicitors and barristers. Understand the roles of judges and legal executives in this complex framework. This quiz will enhance your knowledge about legal personnel's roles and responsibilities.
