Personalized Medicine in Respiratory Diseases

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According to the criteria listed, which of the following is NOT a requirement for the diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

Bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph

Recent onset of symptoms after a known risk factor

Absence of cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Severe hypoxemia defined by a PaO2/FiO2 ratio greater than 200 mmHg (correct)

Based on the information provided, which biomarker is NOT directly associated with ARDS mortality?

Surfactant proteins (SP)

Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) protein

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (correct)

Soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE)

Which statement is TRUE regarding the pathophysiology of ARDS?

The late phase of ARDS is known as the exudative phase

ARDS can be divided into early and late phases of lung injury, corresponding to exudative and fibroproliferative phases (correct)

The early phase of ARDS is known as the fibroproliferative phase

ARDS is characterized by a single phase of lung injury

Which of the following statements regarding the severity of ARDS is NOT true?

The severity of ARDS has no impact on the associated mortality risk Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of using biomarkers in ARDS?

Diagnosis of ARDS Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding surfactant proteins (SP) in ARDS is TRUE?

Blood SP levels have been shown to correlate with ARDS mortality Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, which of the following statements regarding sRAGE (soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) is TRUE?

Higher levels of sRAGE were associated with impaired alveolar fluid clearance in ARDS patients, reflecting the severity of lung epithelial injury Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential approach in personalized medicine for ARDS?

Genetic testing to identify predisposition to ARDS Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the term used to describe the combination of environmental and lifestyle factors that influence health?

Exposome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the KL-6 (Krebs von den Lungen-6) protein biomarker is TRUE?

KL-6 levels have been correlated with ARDS mortality Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of personalized medicine in respiratory diseases?

To tailor treatments based on individual patient characteristics and medical needs. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is true?

They are often diagnosed and treated similarly due to nonspecific initial symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases mentioned in the text?

The initial symptoms are often nonspecific, leading to delayed or inaccurate diagnosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about respiratory diseases is NOT supported by the text?

Respiratory diseases can be easily diagnosed and treated using traditional approaches. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as an example of a chronic lung disease in the text?

Cystic fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of the nonspecific initial symptoms of respiratory diseases?

Patients may receive suboptimal or inappropriate treatments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason cited in the text for the need for personalized medicine in respiratory diseases?

To account for the heterogeneity and individual variability in respiratory diseases. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the current diagnostic approach for asthma and COPD, according to the text?

They are diagnosed following traditional approaches based on clinical presentation and lung function. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of personalized medicine in respiratory diseases, according to the information provided?

Providing a standardized treatment approach for all respiratory diseases. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, which statement best describes the role of personalized medicine in the context of respiratory diseases?

It utilizes novel technologies to tailor treatments to individual patient characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Personalized Medicine (PM) in the context of respiratory disorders?

To improve clinical outcomes for individual patients while minimizing unnecessary side effects Signup and view all the answers

Why is the heterogeneity of human diseases a driving factor for the need for Personalized Medicine?

It emphasizes the need for stratifying the population based on individual characteristics Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the basis for the treatable traits approach in chronic airway diseases?

It recognizes that different phenotypes can coexist within the same patient Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about biomarkers in allergic diseases and asthma is true, according to the information provided?

A combination of biomarkers is necessary for improving disease management Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a characteristic of a good biomarker in the given information?

Requires complex cellular assays and cell cultures Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is a major limiting factor for biomarker discovery in allergic diseases?

The extremely low frequency of allergen-specific T- and B-cells Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information given, which of the following is NOT listed as a potential use of biomarkers in the context of allergic diseases?

Predicting the risk of developing allergic diseases in the general population Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the relationships between the exposome, genome, endotypes, and phenotypes is correct, according to the information provided?

The exposome and genome interact through complex biological networks, leading to the emergence of endotypes and phenotypes Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is a limitation in the analysis of mast cells for biomarker discovery in allergic diseases?

There is no human method available to analyze mast cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the success of immunotherapy in individual patients is true, based on the information provided?

Success does not always depend on immunological parameters Signup and view all the answers