Personality: Sigmund Freud's Three Main Principles

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Questions and Answers

According to Freud's theory of personality, what is the assumption that all psychological events have a cause?

  • Unconscious Motivation
  • Psychic Determinism (correct)
  • Symbolic Meaning
  • Reality Principle

Which agency in Freud's theory of personality operates based on the Pleasure Principle?

  • Ego
  • ID (correct)
  • Conscious Mind
  • Superego

What is the function of the Ego in Freud's theory of personality?

  • Delays gratification
  • Balances right and wrong decisions (correct)
  • Imposes moral standards
  • Operates based on basic instincts

Which defense mechanism involves motivated forgetting of emotionally threatening memories or impulses, according to Freud?

<p>Repression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Freud believe dreams were primarily about in relation to the human psyche?

<p>Reflecting an unconscious struggle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, what is the main focus of each stage of psychosexual development?

<p>Erogenous zone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes turning an inappropriate desire into an appropriate goal?

<p>Sublimation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Neo-Freudians and Freud's theories?

<p>Neo-Freudians emphasize social drivers over sexuality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which collective unconscious concept involves universal symbols shared across cultures?

<p>Archetypes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did B.F. Skinner argue as the main source of differences in personalities?

<p>Learning histories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tests consist of questions answered in a Likert format?

<p>Structured Personality Tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test requires examinees to interpret ambiguous stimuli?

<p>Rorschach Inkblot Test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test involves constructing a story based on pictures?

<p>Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test had validity, unlike the Myers-Briggs test?

<p>NEO PI-R (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Pitfalls in Personality Assessment known as that involves accepting high base rate descriptors as accurate?

<p>PT Barnum Effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the assumption that all psychological events have a cause in Freud's theory of personality?

<p>Psychic Determinism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency in Freud's theory of personality is responsible for moral standards and the sense of right and wrong?

<p>Superego (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defense mechanism involves motivated forgetting of emotionally threatening memories or impulses according to Freud?

<p>Repression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, what does the Ego primarily use to make decisions in balancing the ID and Superego?

<p>Reality Principle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element of the human psyche, as per Freud, operates based on the Pleasure Principle and houses basic instincts?

<p>ID (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Freud believe dreams primarily reflected in terms of human desires?

<p>Wish fulfillment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the human psyche did Freud suggest we are quick to make up explanations for after the fact?

<p>Unconscious Motivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contrary to popular belief, what did Freud NOT state about symbols in dreams according to the text?

<p>All symbols have universal meanings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept in Freud's theory of personality involves delaying gratification until finding appropriate or socially acceptable outlets for drives?

<p>Reality Principle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Freud's view, what does psychic determinism imply about human actions?

<p>Our actions are at the mercy of external forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the NEO PI-R test and the Myers-Briggs test?

<p>The NEO PI-R test has validity, unlike the Myers-Briggs test. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), what is the main task required of the subject?

<p>Constructing a story based on pictures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of personality assessment involves a hypothesis about examinees projecting aspects of their personality onto ambiguous stimuli?

<p>Projective Hypothesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of the Rorschach Inkblot Test mentioned in the text?

<p>Unknown test-retest and problematic interrater reliability scores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is associated with the tendency to accept high base rate descriptors as accurate in personality assessment?

<p>PT Barnum Effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common criticism of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) mentioned in the text?

<p>Lack of incremental validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes tests consisting of ambiguous stimuli that examinees must interpret or make sense of?

<p>Projective Tests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'The PT Barnum Effect' is associated with which of the following?

<p>'Accepting high base rate descriptors' as accurate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'The Pleasure Principle' in Freud's theory of personality operates through which agency?

<p>'Id' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Astrology and Tarot readings' are examples given in the text to illustrate which phenomenon?

<p>'High base rate descriptors' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Freud's stages of psychosexual development?

<p>Development of sexual desires (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Jung's collective unconscious concept, what are archetypes?

<p>Universal symbols shared across cultures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes Carl Rogers' concept of 'Self Actualization'?

<p>Drive to develop one's innate potential to the fullest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Neo-Freudians' theories, what is an 'Inferiority Complex' primarily associated with?

<p>Low self-esteem leading to overcompensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered one of the Big Five personality traits in the Trait Model?

<p>Ambition and Drive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, what happens during the Phallic Stage of psychosexual development?

<p>Emergence of the Oedipus Complex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Reciprocal Determinism' in Social Learning Theories refers to...

<p>An interaction between personality factors, behavior, and environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Projection' as a defense mechanism involves...

<p>Unconsciously attributing negative qualities to others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Sublimation' as described by Freud involves...

<p>Turning inappropriate desires into appropriate goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Rationalization' in Freudian theory primarily serves as...

<p>'Reasonable sounding explanation for unreasonable behavior' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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