Lecture 3

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Questions and Answers

What is a key aspect of Humanism?

Confronting our fears

Fostering a pessimistic view of human nature

Embracing full potential (correct)

Accepting anxiety

What is a goal of Existentialism?

Avoiding anxiety

Encouraging self-exploration (correct)

Fostering a pessimistic view of human nature

Embracing full potential

What is emphasized in Humanism?

The power of anxiety

The need for determinism

The importance of fear

The uniqueness of individual experiences (correct)

What is a key difference between Existentialism and Humanism?

Existentialism focuses on fear, while Humanism focuses on potential Signup and view all the answers

What is a common goal of both Existentialism and Humanism?

Encouraging self-exploration Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of personal growth in Humanism?

Embracing full potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the topic of Lecture 3 in the personality lecture series?

Humanistic & existential approaches Signup and view all the answers

According to Maslow, what is the relationship between self-actualized people and the world?

They live more in the real world of nature than in the man-made world. Signup and view all the answers

According to James, what is the personal self?

The end product of psychosexual development Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of people who prioritize the 'now and here'?

Present moment awareness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of phenomenology?

The nature of human consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Humanist and Existentialist accounts of the self?

Personal experience and self-actualization Signup and view all the answers

Who are the two primary philosophers associated with phenomenology?

Husserl and Heidegger Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key concept in humanism?

Inherent goodness of people Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between Humanist and Existentialist accounts of personality?

Humanist emphasizes self-actualization, while Existentialist emphasizes freedom Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevance of Humanist and Existentialist accounts of the self to personality psychology?

They emphasize the importance of personal experience and self-actualization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of humanistic psychology?

To help people realize their full potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the key concept in phenomenology that emphasizes the unitary nature of human experience?

Dynamic holism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of self-actualized people?

Conformity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the learning outcomes in this course?

To understand the key principles of Humanist and Existentialist accounts of the self Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of existentialism according to the provided content?

Embracing the challenges of existence and personal responsibility Signup and view all the answers

Who is the lecturer for the personality course?

Caroline Fielden Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary emphasis of humanistic psychology?

The role of the person in shaping their life Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept in phenomenology that emphasizes the importance of being present in the moment?

Phenomenal centredness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key concept in existentialism?

Biological determinism Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between personal growth and Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Personal growth is the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy Signup and view all the answers

What is the topic of Lecture 6 in the personality lecture series?

Personality assessment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology?

The study of human emotions and experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption of phenomenology regarding human experience?

It is a process that is more than the sum of its parts Signup and view all the answers

What is the key concept in existentialism that emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and responsibility?

Personal responsibility Signup and view all the answers

What is a key contribution of humanistic theories to the field of psychology?

Theories that capitalize on subjective will, personal responsibility, and conscious choice Signup and view all the answers

What is a criticism of humanistic theories?

They are too vague and untestable Signup and view all the answers

What is a key concept in Carl Rogers' theory of personality?

The self as shaped by experience and environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following therapies is NOT associated with humanistic theories?

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common criticism of humanistic theories in terms of their view of society?

They view society as inherently bad Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of Abraham Maslow's theory of personality?

The importance of self-actualization as a goal and process Signup and view all the answers

What is a key contribution of humanistic theories to the field of social care?

Development of more holistic approaches to social care Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between humanistic theories and deterministic theories of personality?

Humanistic theories are more focused on the role of free will, while deterministic theories are more focused on the role of external factors Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lecture Series Overview

This lecture series covers personality, with 6 lectures on different approaches to personality
The approaches covered include psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, humanistic, existential, cognitive, behavioral, psychobiological, and lexical approaches

Definition of Personality

Multiple definitions of personality from various psychologists, including James, Freud, Jung, Rogers, and Maslow
Definitions include the end product of psychosexual development, a blend of archetypal patterns and material in the personal unconscious, and the self plus experience and the goal and process of self-actualization

Learning Objectives

Understand the philosophical foundations of humanist and existentialist accounts of the self
Understand the key principles of humanist and existentialist accounts of the self
Understand the relevance of humanist and existentialist accounts of the self to personality psychology
Be able to identify key differences between humanist and existential accounts of personality

Philosophical Foundations

Phenomenology

A primarily European philosophical stance focused on human experience
Key figures include Husserl and Heidegger
Focus on human experience, consciousness, and the nature of existence

Shared Assumptions

Human experience is a process that is more than the sum of its parts
Experience is primary and cannot be discovered using science
Individuals are free, responsible, self-determining agents
Against biological reductionism, emphasizing a holistic approach

Key Concepts: Existentialism

Embracing the challenges of existence and confronting fears
Personal growth and taking responsibility for choices
Now and here, being fully present in the moment
Personal freedom and autonomy in shaping one's life

Key Concepts: Humanism

Personal growth and realizing full potential
Valuing and embracing subjective experiences
Emphasizing the uniqueness of individual experiences
Fostering an optimistic view of human nature and potential

Key Differences: Existentialism and Humanism

Existentialism emphasizes confronting fears and anxiety, while humanism emphasizes realizing full potential
Existentialism focuses on embracing the present moment, while humanism focuses on valuing subjective experiences
Existentialism emphasizes personal responsibility, while humanism emphasizes personal growth and autonomy

Contributions of Existentialism and Humanism

First holistic personality and psychological theories
First theories to emphasize subjective will, personal responsibility, and conscious choice
Non-deterministic theories of personality
Contributions to positive psychology, transpersonal psychology, and holistic approaches to medicine
Contributions to social care systems, humanitarian interventions, and treatment of substance abuse and relational problems

Criticism

Society is seen as bad, individuals are good, but this may be overly simplistic
Theories rely too heavily on self-reported conscious experience and introspection
Methodology is often too vague, unscientific, and untestable
Theories lack falsifiability and function mainly as life guides

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Description

Lecture series covering various approaches to personality psychology, including psychoanalytic, humanistic, cognitive, and psychobiological approaches.