38 Questions
What is a key aspect of Humanism?
Embracing full potential
What is a goal of Existentialism?
Encouraging self-exploration
What is emphasized in Humanism?
The uniqueness of individual experiences
What is a key difference between Existentialism and Humanism?
Existentialism focuses on fear, while Humanism focuses on potential
What is a common goal of both Existentialism and Humanism?
Encouraging self-exploration
What is a key aspect of personal growth in Humanism?
Embracing full potential
What is the topic of Lecture 3 in the personality lecture series?
Humanistic & existential approaches
According to Maslow, what is the relationship between self-actualized people and the world?
They live more in the real world of nature than in the man-made world.
According to James, what is the personal self?
The end product of psychosexual development
What is the primary focus of people who prioritize the 'now and here'?
Present moment awareness
What is the primary focus of phenomenology?
The nature of human consciousness
What is the primary focus of Humanist and Existentialist accounts of the self?
Personal experience and self-actualization
Who are the two primary philosophers associated with phenomenology?
Husserl and Heidegger
Which of the following is a key concept in humanism?
Inherent goodness of people
What is the key difference between Humanist and Existentialist accounts of personality?
Humanist emphasizes self-actualization, while Existentialist emphasizes freedom
What is the relevance of Humanist and Existentialist accounts of the self to personality psychology?
They emphasize the importance of personal experience and self-actualization
What is the primary goal of humanistic psychology?
To help people realize their full potential
What is the key concept in phenomenology that emphasizes the unitary nature of human experience?
Dynamic holism
Which of the following is not a characteristic of self-actualized people?
Conformity
What is the primary goal of the learning outcomes in this course?
To understand the key principles of Humanist and Existentialist accounts of the self
What is the primary concern of existentialism according to the provided content?
Embracing the challenges of existence and personal responsibility
Who is the lecturer for the personality course?
Caroline Fielden
What is the primary emphasis of humanistic psychology?
The role of the person in shaping their life
What is the concept in phenomenology that emphasizes the importance of being present in the moment?
Phenomenal centredness
Which of the following is NOT a key concept in existentialism?
Biological determinism
What is the relationship between personal growth and Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Personal growth is the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy
What is the topic of Lecture 6 in the personality lecture series?
Personality assessment
What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology?
The study of human emotions and experiences
What is the primary assumption of phenomenology regarding human experience?
It is a process that is more than the sum of its parts
What is the key concept in existentialism that emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and responsibility?
Personal responsibility
What is a key contribution of humanistic theories to the field of psychology?
Theories that capitalize on subjective will, personal responsibility, and conscious choice
What is a criticism of humanistic theories?
They are too vague and untestable
What is a key concept in Carl Rogers' theory of personality?
The self as shaped by experience and environment
Which of the following therapies is NOT associated with humanistic theories?
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
What is a common criticism of humanistic theories in terms of their view of society?
They view society as inherently bad
What is a key aspect of Abraham Maslow's theory of personality?
The importance of self-actualization as a goal and process
What is a key contribution of humanistic theories to the field of social care?
Development of more holistic approaches to social care
What is a key difference between humanistic theories and deterministic theories of personality?
Humanistic theories are more focused on the role of free will, while deterministic theories are more focused on the role of external factors
Study Notes
Lecture Series Overview
- This lecture series covers personality, with 6 lectures on different approaches to personality
- The approaches covered include psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, humanistic, existential, cognitive, behavioral, psychobiological, and lexical approaches
Definition of Personality
- Multiple definitions of personality from various psychologists, including James, Freud, Jung, Rogers, and Maslow
- Definitions include the end product of psychosexual development, a blend of archetypal patterns and material in the personal unconscious, and the self plus experience and the goal and process of self-actualization
Learning Objectives
- Understand the philosophical foundations of humanist and existentialist accounts of the self
- Understand the key principles of humanist and existentialist accounts of the self
- Understand the relevance of humanist and existentialist accounts of the self to personality psychology
- Be able to identify key differences between humanist and existential accounts of personality
Philosophical Foundations
Phenomenology
- A primarily European philosophical stance focused on human experience
- Key figures include Husserl and Heidegger
- Focus on human experience, consciousness, and the nature of existence
Shared Assumptions
- Human experience is a process that is more than the sum of its parts
- Experience is primary and cannot be discovered using science
- Individuals are free, responsible, self-determining agents
- Against biological reductionism, emphasizing a holistic approach
Key Concepts: Existentialism
- Embracing the challenges of existence and confronting fears
- Personal growth and taking responsibility for choices
- Now and here, being fully present in the moment
- Personal freedom and autonomy in shaping one's life
Key Concepts: Humanism
- Personal growth and realizing full potential
- Valuing and embracing subjective experiences
- Emphasizing the uniqueness of individual experiences
- Fostering an optimistic view of human nature and potential
Key Differences: Existentialism and Humanism
- Existentialism emphasizes confronting fears and anxiety, while humanism emphasizes realizing full potential
- Existentialism focuses on embracing the present moment, while humanism focuses on valuing subjective experiences
- Existentialism emphasizes personal responsibility, while humanism emphasizes personal growth and autonomy
Contributions of Existentialism and Humanism
- First holistic personality and psychological theories
- First theories to emphasize subjective will, personal responsibility, and conscious choice
- Non-deterministic theories of personality
- Contributions to positive psychology, transpersonal psychology, and holistic approaches to medicine
- Contributions to social care systems, humanitarian interventions, and treatment of substance abuse and relational problems
Criticism
- Society is seen as bad, individuals are good, but this may be overly simplistic
- Theories rely too heavily on self-reported conscious experience and introspection
- Methodology is often too vague, unscientific, and untestable
- Theories lack falsifiability and function mainly as life guides
Lecture series covering various approaches to personality psychology, including psychoanalytic, humanistic, cognitive, and psychobiological approaches.
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