Personality Disorders Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a primary characteristic of individuals diagnosed with Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

  • A tendency to exploit others and a lack of empathy. (correct)
  • Excessive reliance on others to make decisions and a fear of abandonment.
  • A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others.
  • Intense fear of social situations and rejection.
  • What is a key difference between Avoidant Personality Disorder and Dependent Personality Disorder?

  • Dependent Personality Disorder is caused by childhood neglect; avoidant personality disorder is caused by genetics.
  • Individuals with Avoidant Personality Disorder fear rejection but desire relationships, while those with Dependent Personality Disorder seek constant reassurance and support within relationships. (correct)
  • Individuals with Avoidant Personality Disorder seek relationships, while those with Dependent Personality Disorder avoid them.
  • Avoidant Personality Disorder is primarily treated with cognitive therapy, while Dependent Personality Disorder is treated with behavioral therapy.
  • What is the focus of therapy for individuals with Dependent Personality Disorder?

  • Improving interpersonal relationships through reduced rigidity.
  • Reducing sensitivity to the opinions of others.
  • Challenging distorted thinking patterns.
  • Developing independence and self-reliance. (correct)
  • An individual with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder is most likely to exhibit which behavior?

    <p>Adhering rigidly to rules and procedures, often at the expense of flexibility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic technique is most appropriate for addressing the distorted thinking patterns associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder?

    <p>Cognitive reappraisal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with schizotypal personality disorder?

    <p>Consistent disregard for social norms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia, according to the content?

    <p>They are considered to be on a continuum, with schizotypal personality disorder presenting psychotic-like symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is implicated in the etiology of schizotypal personality disorder?

    <p>Childhood maltreatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of treatment for schizotypal personality disorder?

    <p>Community treatment and social skills training. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors is most characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Failure to comply with social norms and a lack of remorse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person with antisocial personality disorder is MOST likely to exhibit which behavior?

    <p>Deceitfulness and impulsivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does 'childhood-onset type' conduct disorder differ from 'adolescent-onset type'?

    <p>Childhood-onset involves the presence of conduct disorder criteria before age 10. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a newly recognized subtype of conduct disorder in DSM-5?

    <p>With callous-unemotional presentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the dimensional model of personality disorders?

    <p>Rating individuals on a continuum to indicate the degree to which they exhibit certain personality traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An individual who consistently interprets the actions of others as malevolent, even without sufficient evidence, would most likely be exhibiting traits associated with which personality disorder?

    <p>Paranoid Personality Disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient reports a lifelong pattern of social detachment and a lack of desire for close relationships, including romantic ones. Which personality disorder aligns best with these symptoms?

    <p>Schizoid Personality Disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic approach would likely be MOST effective in assisting an individual with Schizoid Personality Disorder to form meaningful connections with others?

    <p>Social skills training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of Schizotypal Personality Disorder?

    <p>Excessive need to be taken care of (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person with schizotypal personality disorder might display which of the following behaviors?

    <p>Having eccentric behavior or odd beliefs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary difference between schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders?

    <p>Those with schizotypal personality disorder tend to have odd or eccentric thoughts and behaviors, while those with schizoid personality disorder primarily display social detachment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately reflects the categorical approach to diagnosing personality disorders?

    <p>It classifies individuals as either having or not having a specific personality disorder based on meeting a certain number of criteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the MOST likely combination of factors contributing to Antisocial Personality Disorder?

    <p>Genetic vulnerabilities interacting with environmental stressors, such as dysfunctional family dynamics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with Borderline Personality Disorder is MOST likely to exhibit which pattern of behavior in relationships?

    <p>Intense but short-lived connections, marked by extreme shifts in idealization and devaluation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurological factor is MOST associated with Borderline Personality Disorder?

    <p>Low serotonergic activity and irregularities in the limbic network. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A therapist is using Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) to treat a patient. Which of the following behaviors would DBT MOST directly target?

    <p>Self-mutilation and suicidal tendencies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might someone with Histrionic Personality Disorder react if they are NOT the center of attention in a social gathering?

    <p>They may become upset, angry, or attempt to draw attention to themselves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following communication patterns is MOST characteristic of someone with Histrionic Personality Disorder?

    <p>Vague and exaggerated, lacking in specific details. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An individual with Narcissistic Personality Disorder is MOST likely to respond to criticism with:

    <p>Anger, defensiveness, or feelings of humiliation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central characteristic of Narcissistic Personality Disorder that drives many of its associated behaviors?

    <p>An unreasonable sense of self-importance and preoccupation with oneself. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Personality

    refers to the enduring characteristics and behavior that comprise a person’s unique adjustment to life

    Personality Disorder

    A persistent pattern of emotions, behaviors leading to distress and functioning issues.

    Categorical Models

    Diagnosis based on the presence or absence of symptoms. Presence or absence of symptoms/disorder.

    Dimensional Models

    Rank on a continuous quantitative dimension.

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    Cluster A

    Personality disorders characterized by odd/eccentric behavior.

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    Paranoid Personality Disorder

    Excessive mistrust and suspicion without justification.

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    Schizoid Personality Disorder

    Detachment from social relationships and limited emotions.

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    Schizotypal Personality Disorder

    Social isolation with unusual behaviors and suspiciousness.

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    Narcissistic Personality Disorder

    Characterized by a need for admiration, lack of empathy, and envious behavior.

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    Avoidant Personality Disorder

    Marked by extreme sensitivity to others' opinions and avoidance of social relationships due to anxiety.

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    Dependent Personality Disorder

    Individuals rely heavily on others for decision-making, fearing abandonment and rejection.

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    Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

    Characterized by a fixation on orderliness and control, affecting interpersonal relationships.

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    Personality Disorder Treatment

    Variety of therapies including cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy to address specific issues.

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    Ideas of Reference

    The belief that unrelated events pertain directly to oneself, common in schizotypal personality disorder.

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    Magical Thinking

    Believing that thoughts, words, or actions can influence events in unlikely ways; prevalent in schizotypal personality disorder.

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    Unusual Perceptual Experiences

    Experiencing illusions such as feeling an unseen presence; often reported in schizotypal personality disorder.

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    Antisocial Personality Disorder

    Characterized by disregard for social norms, impulsivity, and lack of remorse; often leads to criminal behavior.

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    Conduct Disorder

    A behavioral disorder in children marked by violating societal norms; has childhood-onset and adolescent-onset types.

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    Callous-Unemotional Presentation

    A subtype of conduct disorder marked by a lack of empathy or emotional response in children.

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    Substance Abuse and Antisocial Personality

    Common among individuals with antisocial personality disorder, often leading to lifelong patterns of addiction.

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    Underarousal Hypothesis

    A theory suggesting low cortical arousal contributes to antisocial behaviors.

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    Fearlessness Theory

    The idea that individuals with antisocial traits have low fear responses to danger.

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    Borderline Personality Disorder

    Instability in moods, relationships, and self-image, often leading to self-harm.

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    Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

    A type of therapy for borderline personality disorder focusing on mindfulness and emotional regulation.

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    Histrionic Personality Disorder

    Exaggerated emotional expressions, seeking attention and approval.

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    Grandiosity in Narcissism

    An inflated sense of self-importance and a belief in being superior to others.

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    Treatment for Narcissistic Personality Disorder

    Typically involves psychotherapy focusing on interpersonal relationships.

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    Study Notes

    Abnormal Psychology: Personality Disorders

    • Personality refers to enduring characteristics and behaviors that comprise a person's unique adjustments to life, including traits, interests, drives, values, self-concept, abilities, and emotional patterns.
    • Personality disorder is a persistent pattern of emotions, cognitions, and behaviors that result in enduring distress for the affected individual and/or others, potentially causing work and relationship difficulties.

    Categorical and Dimensional Models

    • Categorical model: identifies a disorder's presence or absence of symptoms; for example, either anxious or not anxious.
    • Dimensional model: ranks a disorder on a continuous quantitative dimension; for example, a scale of 1-10 for anxiety. The DSM is categorical.

    Personality Disorder Clusters

    • Cluster A (odd/eccentric): Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
    • Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, erratic): Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic
    • Cluster C (anxious/fearful): Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive

    Specific Personality Disorders (Examples)

    • Paranoid Personality Disorder: Characterized by pervasive distrust and suspicion of others; individuals interpret others' motives as malevolent.
    • Schizoid Personality Disorder: Marked by detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotions, appearing aloof and indifferent to others. Individuals with this disorder often lack interest in close relationships and have little enjoyment in activities.
    • Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Individuals are often considered odd or bizarre due to their unusual or odd thoughts, beliefs, behaviors, and appearance. The disorder overlaps with schizophrenia but doesn't meet the full criteria for the illness.
    • Antisocial Personality Disorder: Individuals have a history of failing to comply with social norms and engaging in unacceptable behavior like stealing, irresponsibility, impulsivity, and deceit. They are often aggressive and unconcerned about the impact on others. Often associated with conduct disorder in childhood.
    • Borderline Personality Disorder: Characterized by unstable moods, relationships, and self-image, along with impulsivity, suicidal behaviors, self-mutilation, and intense emotions (e.g., anger to depression).
    • Histrionic Personality Disorder: Individuals are overly dramatic, need attention, and express emotions in an exaggerated manner. They are often vain, self-centered, and may use seductive behavior to gain attention.
    • Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Individuals have an unreasonable sense of self-importance and are preoccupied with themselves. They need admiration, have exaggerated feelings of greatness, show little empathy, and may exploit others.
    • Avoidant Personality Disorder: Individuals are sensitive to the opinions of others, desire relationships but have anxiety about rejection. Low self-esteem and dependent on those they feel comfortable with.
    • Dependent Personality Disorder: Individuals rely on others to make decisions and for most areas of their lives. They have fear of abandonment and go to extremes to get support from others.
    • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: Individuals are preoccupied with orderliness, perfectionism, and control, often at the expense of flexibility and openness. They have difficulty with delegation and may hold excessively rigid moral values.

    Prevalence and Course

    • Statistics regarding prevalence (in clinical and general populations) and course (e.g., chronic vs. dissipating) for specific personality disorders are described.
    • Data include approximately equal gender distributions for some disorders, while others demonstrate variations in prevalence between genders.

    Diagnostic Overlap

    • There's overlap in diagnostics for certain personality disorders, indicated by odds ratios. Higher odds ratios suggest a greater likelihood of multiple diagnoses.

    Activity

    • Analyze fictional characters for the presence of personality disorders.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on various personality disorders, including Narcissistic, Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders. This quiz covers key characteristics, differences, treatment approaches, and therapeutic techniques related to these disorders. Assess your understanding of the complexities surrounding these mental health conditions.

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