Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which component of personality, according to psychoanalytic theory, operates on the 'pleasure principle'?
Which component of personality, according to psychoanalytic theory, operates on the 'pleasure principle'?
- Superego
- Conscious
- Ego
- Id (correct)
The preconscious contains information that is not accessible under any circumstances.
The preconscious contains information that is not accessible under any circumstances.
False (B)
What is the defense mechanism where someone attributes their own unacceptable impulses or traits to another person?
What is the defense mechanism where someone attributes their own unacceptable impulses or traits to another person?
projection
The defense mechanism of ________ involves creating self-justifying explanations to hide the real reasons for one's behavior.
The defense mechanism of ________ involves creating self-justifying explanations to hide the real reasons for one's behavior.
Match the following defense mechanisms with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following defense mechanisms with their corresponding descriptions:
Which of the following is an example of a projective personality test?
Which of the following is an example of a projective personality test?
Self-actualization, in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, represents the most basic physiological needs.
Self-actualization, in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, represents the most basic physiological needs.
What is Carl Rogers' concept of acceptance and love regardless of behavior?
What is Carl Rogers' concept of acceptance and love regardless of behavior?
_______ is the term for reinforcement that occurs only when specific conditions are met.
_______ is the term for reinforcement that occurs only when specific conditions are met.
What concept involves the interaction between behavior, personal factors, and environment?
What concept involves the interaction between behavior, personal factors, and environment?
People with an external locus of control believe they have significant influence over life events.
People with an external locus of control believe they have significant influence over life events.
What is a person's overall awareness of who and what he or she is called?
What is a person's overall awareness of who and what he or she is called?
_______ are social rules that dictate how and when people should express emotions.
_______ are social rules that dictate how and when people should express emotions.
What is the purpose of defense mechanisms?
What is the purpose of defense mechanisms?
Elicitors are internal thoughts that trigger emotions.
Elicitors are internal thoughts that trigger emotions.
What theory explains how positive emotions broaden thinking and build lasting skills and relationships?
What theory explains how positive emotions broaden thinking and build lasting skills and relationships?
________ involves channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behaviors.
________ involves channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behaviors.
Match the following explanatory styles with their potential interpretations of a negative event:
Match the following explanatory styles with their potential interpretations of a negative event:
What type of therapy uses unpleasant stimuli to reduce unwanted behaviors?
What type of therapy uses unpleasant stimuli to reduce unwanted behaviors?
Denial is a defense mechanism where a person fully acknowledges and accepts reality, even when it is unpleasant.
Denial is a defense mechanism where a person fully acknowledges and accepts reality, even when it is unpleasant.
Flashcards
Conscious
Conscious
Current awareness; what you are focused on at any given moment.
Preconscious
Preconscious
Information readily available to consciousness.
Unconscious
Unconscious
Thoughts, feelings, and memories outside of awareness.
Id
Id
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Ego
Ego
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Superego
Superego
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Projection
Projection
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Rationalization
Rationalization
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Repression
Repression
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Displacement
Displacement
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
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Rorschach Inkblot Test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
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Self-Actualization
Self-Actualization
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Unconditional Positive Regard
Unconditional Positive Regard
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Reciprocal Determinism
Reciprocal Determinism
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Self-Efficacy
Self-Efficacy
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Internal Locus of Control
Internal Locus of Control
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External Locus of Control
External Locus of Control
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Sublimation
Sublimation
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Study Notes
- Conscious: Current awareness and focus at any moment.
- Preconscious: Readily available information, like past meals or early movie experiences.
- Unconscious: Thoughts, feelings, and memories outside awareness, inaccessible and built from life experiences, especially early childhood.
Structure of Personality
- Id: Operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification.
- Ego: Operates on the reality principle, mediating between the id and superego.
- Superego: Operates on the morality principle, incorporating internalized ideals and standards.
Defense Mechanisms
- Defense Mechanisms protect the Ego.
- Projection: Attributing one's unacceptable impulses to others.
- Rationalization: Creating self-justifying explanations.
- Repression: Blocking unacceptable thoughts from consciousness.
- Displacement: Shifting impulses to a less threatening target.
Psychological Tests
- Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): Involves creating stories about ambiguous pictures.
- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI): An objective test for assessing personality and psychopathology.
- Rorschach Inkblot Test: People describe what they see in inkblots to understand their thoughts, emotions, and personality traits.
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Personality test categorizing people into 16 types based on preferences in thinking, feeling, and interacting.
Self Theories
- Self-Actualization: Highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy, involving reaching full potential and pursuing personal growth.
- Unconditional Positive Regard: Acceptance and love regardless of behavior.
- Conditional Reinforcement: Reinforcement that only happens when specific conditions are met.
- Reciprocal Determinism: Interaction among behavior, personal factors, and environment.
- Self-Esteem: Feelings of self-worth.
- Self Concept: A person’s overall awareness of who and what he or she is.
- Self-Efficacy: Belief in one’s ability to succeed.
Locus of Control
- Internal Locus of Control: Belief that one can influence outcomes through their actions.
- External Locus of Control: Belief that external forces control events and outcomes.
- Optimistic Explanatory Style: Interpreting failures as temporary and specific.
- Pessimistic Explanatory Style: Interpreting failures as permanent and pervasive.
Emotions
- Display Rules: Social rules dictating how and when to express emotions.
- Elicitors: Things that trigger emotions or reactions.
- Broaden-and-Build Theory: Positive emotions expand thinking and build lasting resources.
Further Defense Mechanisms
- Reaction Formation: Behaving in the opposite way of true feelings.
- Denial: Refusing to acknowledge reality.
- Sublimation: Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behaviors.
Other Terms
- Projective Tests: Psychological tests using ambiguous stimuli to uncover hidden thoughts.
- Temperament: Natural personality traits and emotional reactions appearing early in life.
- Aversion Therapy: Treatment using unpleasant stimuli to reduce unwanted behaviors.
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