Personality and Assessment Concepts

The relatively stable, internal factors that influence a person's behavior, making it consistent over time and distinct from others.

Cultures that emphasize individual autonomy, independence, and self-expression.

Cultures that prioritize interdependence, social harmony, and conformity to group expectations.

The consistency of a personality assessment's results across different situations and over time.

The extent to which a personality assessment truly measures the intended personality traits.

Freud's idea that our early experiences with parents shape our personality, impacting our adult selves.

The unconscious part of our mind, driven by basic biological drives. It's like a cauldron bubbling with energy.

This is the part of our personality that develops later, representing our moral compass, guilt, and ideal self.

The mediator between the Id's impulses and the Superego's rules. It's the part of us that makes realistic decisions.

The 'energy' associated with the Id, representing basic biological drives like sex and aggression.

The Id is driven by a desire for immediate pleasure, regardless of consequences.

The superego is driven by a moral sense of right and wrong, following societal rules and expectations.

According to Freud, the conflict arising during the anal stage (ages 1.5 to 3 years) where a child's desire for control over bodily functions clashes with societal expectations. These conflicts manifest as a struggle to control bodily functions and can influence personality.

A psychoanalytic theory that describes a young boy's unconscious desire for his mother and rivalry with his father. The fear of castration drives the boy to identify with his father, internalizing masculinity and repressing his desires.

A psychoanalytic theory where a young girl desires her father, but realizes she lacks a penis and blames her mother for this, forming a rivalry with her. This leads to the identification with the mother and ultimately the development of female gender identity.

The process of taking on the behaviors, values, and attitudes of another person, especially a parent figure. In Freudian psychology, it helps resolve the Oedipus and Electra complexes through identification with the same-sex parent.

Unconsciously pushing unwanted thoughts, feelings, or memories into the subconscious mind.

Unconscious strategies used by the ego to cope with anxiety arising from conflicts between the id and superego.

A state of psychological development where the libido (sexual drive) is focused on a specific body part, influencing behavior and personality.

The first psychosexual stage (0-18 months), where pleasure is derived primarily through oral activities like sucking, biting, and breastfeeding.

Fixation at the oral stage, potentially caused by early or late weaning, leading to adult traits like overeating, dependence, or sarcasm.

The second psychosexual stage (18 months to 3.5 years), where the child learns to control bodily functions, particularly bowel movements.

Fixation at the anal stage, potentially caused by overly strict or lenient toilet training, leading to adult traits like orderliness, messiness, or stubbornness.

The third psychosexual stage (3-6 years) where the child's libido is focused on the genitals and they begin to identify with the same-sex parent.

Fixation at the phallic stage, potentially caused by unresolved conflicts with the same-sex parent, leading to adult traits like vanity, promiscuity, or a need for control.

The fourth psychosexual stage (6-puberty), where the libido is dormant and energy is focused on social and intellectual development.

The final psychosexual stage (puberty onwards), where the libido is reawakened and directed towards mature sexual relationships.