17 Questions
All biological waste, except urine, must be placed in appropriate containers labelled with the __________ symbol.
biohazard
The waste is then decontaminated following institutional policy: incineration, autoclaving, or pickup by a certified __________ waste company.
hazardous
Urine may be discarded by pouring it into a laboratory sink. Disinfection of the sink using a 1:5 or 1:10 dilution of sodium __________ should be performed daily.
hypochlorite
Sharp objects in the laboratory - needles, lancets, and broken glassware. Sharps must be disposed in puncture-resistant __________.
containers
Chemical Spills: Flush the area with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes and then seek __________ attention.
medical
Chemical Handling: Acid should always be added to __________.
water
_____, gowns, masks, face shields, goggles, respirators are examples of Personal Protective Equipment.
Gloves
WHO introduced the 5 Moments approach for hand hygiene: 1.before touching a patient, 2.before clean/aseptic procedures, 3.after body fluid exposure risk, 4.after touching a patient, and 5._____.
after touching patient surroundings
Donning sequence of PPE according to CDC: 1.Gown 2.Mask or Respirator 3.Goggles or Face Shield 4._____.
Gloves
Doffing sequence of PPE according to CDC: 1._____. 2.Goggles or Face Shield 3.Gown 4.Mask or Respirator
Gloves
Biologic, Sharp, Chemical, Radioactive, Electrical, and Fire/Explosive hazards are examples of hazards in the healthcare setting. One of the hazards is _____ hazards.
Radioactive
In 1996 the CDC and HICPAC combined the major features of Universal Precautions (UP) and Body Substance Isolation (BSI) guidelines and called the new guidelines _____.
Standard Precautions
Aim at the base of the fire. Squeeze handles. Sweep nozzle side to side. PHYSICAL HAZARDS: Avoid running in rooms and hallways, watch for wet floors, bend the knees when lifting heavy objects, keep long hair pulled back, avoid dangling jewelry, and maintain a clean, organized work area. Closed-toe shoes that provide maximum support are essential for safety and comfort. REFERENCES: Ebuen, B.U. et al. (2019). Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 2. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City McCall, R.E, & Tankersley, C.M. (2012). Phlebotomy Essentials. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Strasinger, Susan King (2001). Urinalysis and Body Fluids. 5TH ed. F.A. Davis & Co., Philadelphia WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: A Summary video https://youtu.be/xjwTwsN1hnU?t=215 https://youtu.be/VRWRmIEHr3A?t=138
EQUIPMENT
Aim at the base of the fire. Squeeze handles. Sweep nozzle side to side. PHYSICAL HAZARDS: Avoid running in rooms and hallways, watch for wet floors, bend the knees when lifting heavy objects, keep long hair pulled back, avoid dangling jewelry, and maintain a clean, organized work area. Closed-toe shoes that provide maximum support are essential for safety and comfort. REFERENCES: Ebuen, B.U. et al. (2019). Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 2. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City McCall, R.E, & Tankersley, C.M. (2012). Phlebotomy Essentials. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Strasinger, Susan King (2001). Urinalysis and Body Fluids. 5TH ed. F.A. Davis & Co., Philadelphia WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: A Summary video https://youtu.be/xjwTwsN1hnU?t=215 https://youtu.be/VRWRmIEHr3A?t=138
PROVIDE
Aim at the base of the fire. Squeeze handles. Sweep nozzle side to side. PHYSICAL HAZARDS: Avoid running in rooms and hallways, watch for wet floors, bend the knees when lifting heavy objects, keep long hair pulled back, avoid dangling jewelry, and maintain a clean, organized work area. Closed-toe shoes that provide maximum support are essential for safety and comfort. REFERENCES: Ebuen, B.U. et al. (2019). Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 2. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City McCall, R.E, & Tankersley, C.M. (2012). Phlebotomy Essentials. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Strasinger, Susan King (2001). Urinalysis and Body Fluids. 5TH ed. F.A. Davis & Co., Philadelphia WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: A Summary video https://youtu.be/xjwTwsN1hnU?t=215 https://youtu.be/VRWRmIEHr3A?t=138
HEAVY
Aim at the base of the fire. Squeeze handles. Sweep nozzle side to side. PHYSICAL HAZARDS: Avoid running in rooms and hallways, watch for wet floors, bend the knees when lifting heavy objects, keep long hair pulled back, avoid dangling jewelry, and maintain a clean, organized work area. Closed-toe shoes that provide maximum support are essential for safety and comfort. REFERENCES: Ebuen, B.U. et al. (2019). Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 2. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City McCall, R.E, & Tankersley, C.M. (2012). Phlebotomy Essentials. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Strasinger, Susan King (2001). Urinalysis and Body Fluids. 5TH ed. F.A. Davis & Co., Philadelphia WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: A Summary video https://youtu.be/xjwTwsN1hnU?t=215 https://youtu.be/VRWRmIEHr3A?t=138
SAFETY
Aim at the base of the fire. Squeeze handles. Sweep nozzle side to side. PHYSICAL HAZARDS: Avoid running in rooms and hallways, watch for wet floors, bend the knees when lifting heavy objects, keep long hair pulled back, avoid dangling jewelry, and maintain a clean, organized work area. Closed-toe shoes that provide maximum support are essential for safety and comfort. REFERENCES: Ebuen, B.U. et al. (2019). Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 2. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City McCall, R.E, & Tankersley, C.M. (2012). Phlebotomy Essentials. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Strasinger, Susan King (2001). Urinalysis and Body Fluids. 5TH ed. F.A. Davis & Co., Philadelphia WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: A Summary video https://youtu.be/xjwTwsN1hnU?t=215 https://youtu.be/VRWRmIEHr3A?t=138
COMFORT
Study Notes
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Gloves, gowns, masks, face shields, goggles, respirators are used to prevent infection
- CDC and HICPAC guidelines for donning and doffing of PPE:
- Donning: Gown, Mask or Respirator, Goggles or Face Shield, Gloves
- Doffing: Gloves, Goggles or Face Shield, Gown, Mask or Respirator
Hazards in the Healthcare Setting
- Biologic hazards: blood-borne pathogens, body fluids, and moist body substances
- Sharp hazards: needles, lancets, broken glassware
- Chemical hazards: chemical spills, handling of acids
- Radioactive hazards
- Electrical hazards
- Fire/Explosive hazards
Biologic Hazards
- Universal Precautions (UP) introduced in 1987 by CDC
- Body Substance Isolation (BSI) guidelines: consider all body fluids and moist body substances as potentially infectious
- Standard Precautions (1996) combine UP and BSI guidelines
- Standard Precautions include: Hand hygiene, Gloves, Mask, eye protection, and face shield, Gown, Patient care equipment, Environmental control, Linen, Occupational health and blood-borne pathogens, Patient placement
Biologic Waste Disposal
- All biological waste (except urine) must be placed in containers labeled with the biohazard symbol
- Urine can be discarded by pouring into a laboratory sink, followed by disinfection with a 1:5 or 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite
Sharp Hazards
- Sharps must be disposed in puncture-resistant containers
Chemical Hazards
- Chemical spills: flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, then seek medical attention
- Proper use of emergency showers and eye wash stations
- Chemical handling: acid should be added to water, wear goggles, and prepare reagents under a fume hood
- Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) details: appropriate work practices, standard operating procedures, PPE, engineering controls, employee training requirements
Physical Hazards
- Avoid running in rooms and hallways, watch for wet floors, bend knees when lifting heavy objects, keep long hair pulled back, avoid dangling jewelry, and maintain a clean, organized work area
- Closed-toe shoes that provide maximum support are essential for safety and comfort
Test your knowledge on personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, gowns, masks, face shields, and respirators, as well as hand hygiene practices recommended by CDC, HICPAC, and WHO. Topics include the importance of donning and doffing PPE correctly, the 5 Moments approach for hand hygiene, and more.
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