Persian Literary Translation Overview

This process is known as adaptation.

Fani translates it as 'dye the prayer-rug.'

The translator must recreate the message in the target text (TT).

<p>It incorporates linguistics, anthropology, psychology, philosophy, and biblical hermeneutics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nida borrows from Chomsky's early generative grammar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kernel sentences are basic structures from which more complex language forms are built.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both theories suggest that there are language-independent components that share common meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The processes include addition, deletion, and replacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Native speakers access the idiomatic meaning of collocations before their literal meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The translator must endeavor to recreate a similar effect for the readers of the target text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ambiguity and vagueness are prominent features of Persian poetry and prose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hartman argues that the translator must avoid reproducing stereotypes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translators often add explanations in parentheses, footnotes, or endnotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'He looked at everyone with one eye' translates to 'he did not discriminate.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The importance of recreating the message in a way that is language-independent and universal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The translator must decide whether these additions enhance understanding or detract from the literary experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If form and content are prioritized, then formal equivalence is chosen; if audience reaction is prioritized, dynamic equivalence is used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allusions contain idiomatic language as well as cultural, literal, and historical references, which are hard to replicate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientific texts often require precision and accuracy in terminology, which is better achieved through formal equivalence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translating Hafez's poetry is challenging because form and content are deeply interconnected, making formal-equivalence more feasible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efficiency of communication, comprehension of the original intent, and equivalence of response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catford believes that any theory of translation should be based on a theory of linguistics, as translation involves substituting texts between languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nida's model includes the subject matter, participants, linguistic act, code used, and the message itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dynamic-equivalence is preferred in contexts like political speeches or TV commercials to elicit similar audience reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 'third code' refers to the notion that the translated text (TT) is a distinct entity that results from a compromise between the norms of the source language (SL) and the target language (TL).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S-universals are identified by comparing the source text (ST) with the target text (TT), while T-universals are derived from a comparison of the TT with original texts in the target language (TL).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lengthening indicates that translations tend to be longer than their source texts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standardization implies that translations often employ more standard language compared to a source text that may deviate from standard norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explication refers to the practice of making implicit information in the source text explicit in the translated text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sanitization signifies that translations tend to exhibit more typical collocations compared to their source texts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interference manifests as the source text exerting a significant influence on the structure and style of the target text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translated texts tend to be less varied lexically, less lexically dense, and they use more high-frequency terms than non-translated texts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subconscious processing occurs in routine tasks where translation becomes automatic, while conscious processing involves more effort in novel situations that have not yet become automatized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Professional translators segment larger portions of the source text (ST) for easier texts and smaller segments at the word and phrase level for more difficult texts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translator's invisibility refers to the phenomenon where the translator's role is marginalized, making the translated text appear as if it were an original in the target language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'integrated processing mode' refers to the method where professional translators process larger segments of the ST, especially in easier texts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are reported to identify more problems and have more options to consider regarding lexicon, form, and message equivalences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Venuti suggests that translators should 'foreignize' the target text (TT) instead of just seeking to 'domesticate' it to highlight its unique qualities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is reported that segmentations become longer as the translation task nears completion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They shift between subconscious processing for routine tasks and conscious processing for novel or complex texts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The word 'rend' in Persian has a positive connotation associated with Hafez's poetry, while in modern usage it means 'shrewd' with a negative connotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Ashkāniān' cleverly evokes both its literal meaning 'Parthians' and the word 'ashk' meaning 'tear', which is a play on words in the narrative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Qalam-e qavi' translates literally to 'strong pen', but this could mislead readers to think it refers to the physical pen's quality rather than a good writing style.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Idioms are culturally specific expressions that often do not have direct equivalents in English, making them difficult to convey their meanings accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translators can use explanations in the text or footnotes to clarify non-equivalent words, helping to convey their significance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Lab-e juy' exemplifies how translators may provide detailed explanations to preserve the imagery and context in the target text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Certain words may lack direct equivalents in the target language due to cultural or contextual differences in semantic domains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Literal translations of collocations, such as 'strong pen', can lead to misunderstandings as they may not accurately convey the intended meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers