Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term for the tip of a cusp?
What is the term for the tip of a cusp?
- Cusp slope
- Cusp tip (correct)
- Cusp ridge
- Cusp incline
Which of the following is another term for developmental grooves?
Which of the following is another term for developmental grooves?
- Fossa
- Developmental grooves (correct)
- Cingulum
- Mamelons
A fossa is best described as which of the following?
A fossa is best described as which of the following?
- A pointed elevation
- A linear elevation of enamel
- A sharp ridge of enamel
- Pits or depressions on the tooth surface (correct)
Where is the pulp chamber located?
Where is the pulp chamber located?
What are the small ridges sometimes present on newly erupted incisors called?
What are the small ridges sometimes present on newly erupted incisors called?
On which surface of the upper central incisors is the cingulum located?
On which surface of the upper central incisors is the cingulum located?
What is the typical number of pulp horns in an upper central incisor?
What is the typical number of pulp horns in an upper central incisor?
When do upper central incisors typically erupt?
When do upper central incisors typically erupt?
Compared to the upper central incisor, the upper lateral incisor is generally:
Compared to the upper central incisor, the upper lateral incisor is generally:
What is a noticeable characteristic of the disto-incisal angle of the upper lateral incisor?
What is a noticeable characteristic of the disto-incisal angle of the upper lateral incisor?
What feature on the palatal side is more pronounced in lateral incisors compared to central incisors?
What feature on the palatal side is more pronounced in lateral incisors compared to central incisors?
How many cusps does an upper canine typically have?
How many cusps does an upper canine typically have?
Which slope of the cusp is longer on an upper canine?
Which slope of the cusp is longer on an upper canine?
Which surface is often more bulbous on an upper canine?
Which surface is often more bulbous on an upper canine?
Apart from canines, which other teeth have fossae?
Apart from canines, which other teeth have fossae?
What is characteristic of the root of the upper canine?
What is characteristic of the root of the upper canine?
The crown of lower central incisors has been described as:
The crown of lower central incisors has been described as:
What is the shape of the labial surface of a lower central incisor?
What is the shape of the labial surface of a lower central incisor?
What is the typical number of roots found in a lower central incisor?
What is the typical number of roots found in a lower central incisor?
How many pulp horns are typically present in a lower central incisor?
How many pulp horns are typically present in a lower central incisor?
Relatively speaking, how symmetrical is the labial surface of a lower central incisor?
Relatively speaking, how symmetrical is the labial surface of a lower central incisor?
Lower lateral incisors tend to appear more ___ than lower central incisors.
Lower lateral incisors tend to appear more ___ than lower central incisors.
In lower lateral incisors, which angle is sharper?
In lower lateral incisors, which angle is sharper?
Which side is slightly longer in lower lateral incisors?
Which side is slightly longer in lower lateral incisors?
How many roots are present on a lower lateral incisor?
How many roots are present on a lower lateral incisor?
Compared to upper canines, lower canines are:
Compared to upper canines, lower canines are:
In lower canines, which slopes incline distally?
In lower canines, which slopes incline distally?
The cusp's mesial slope is ___ than the distal slope in lower canines.
The cusp's mesial slope is ___ than the distal slope in lower canines.
On the lingual side, and as in the upper canine, the lower canine also has which feature?
On the lingual side, and as in the upper canine, the lower canine also has which feature?
T/F Maxillary premolars are also known as bicuspids.
T/F Maxillary premolars are also known as bicuspids.
An upper first premolar has how many cusps?
An upper first premolar has how many cusps?
With regards to a upper first premolar, which cusp is larger?
With regards to a upper first premolar, which cusp is larger?
What description applies to the crown of a upper first premolar?
What description applies to the crown of a upper first premolar?
When viewed from the palatal, the palatal cusp is notably:
When viewed from the palatal, the palatal cusp is notably:
Compared with the first premolar, when described by occlusal, what description applies to the second premolars.
Compared with the first premolar, when described by occlusal, what description applies to the second premolars.
How many roots does the second premolar typically have?
How many roots does the second premolar typically have?
Does the second premolar often posses a groove distally?
Does the second premolar often posses a groove distally?
Lower first premolars have how many cusps?
Lower first premolars have how many cusps?
What best describes the shape of a lower first premolar when looking at the crown in the occlusal?
What best describes the shape of a lower first premolar when looking at the crown in the occlusal?
What is the code for the upper right central incisor in the FDI notation?
What is the code for the upper right central incisor in the FDI notation?
What is the term for the developmental feature found on the occlusal, buccal, palatal, and lingual surfaces of teeth?
What is the term for the developmental feature found on the occlusal, buccal, palatal, and lingual surfaces of teeth?
What part of the tooth is located within the crown?
What part of the tooth is located within the crown?
On the labial view of an upper central incisor, which angle is sharper?
On the labial view of an upper central incisor, which angle is sharper?
What is the name of the feature on the palatal side of incisors formed by marginal ridges?
What is the name of the feature on the palatal side of incisors formed by marginal ridges?
How many pulp horns are usually found in an upper central incisor?
How many pulp horns are usually found in an upper central incisor?
On an upper canine, which slope of the cusp is typically longer?
On an upper canine, which slope of the cusp is typically longer?
On which of the following teeth is the distal surface typically more bulbous?
On which of the following teeth is the distal surface typically more bulbous?
Which term describes the incisal ridges on newly erupted central incisors?
Which term describes the incisal ridges on newly erupted central incisors?
On a lower central incisor, which of the following best describes the labial surface?
On a lower central incisor, which of the following best describes the labial surface?
How symmetric is the labial surface of a lower central incisor?
How symmetric is the labial surface of a lower central incisor?
How many roots does a lower central incisor usually have?
How many roots does a lower central incisor usually have?
How many pulp horns are typically found in a lower central incisor?
How many pulp horns are typically found in a lower central incisor?
Relative to lower central incisors, how do lower lateral incisors appear?
Relative to lower central incisors, how do lower lateral incisors appear?
In lower lateral incisors, which angle is typically sharper?
In lower lateral incisors, which angle is typically sharper?
In lower lateral incisors, which side is typically slightly longer?
In lower lateral incisors, which side is typically slightly longer?
Compared to upper canines, how bulky are lower canines?
Compared to upper canines, how bulky are lower canines?
What describes the inclination of the cusp's slopes in mandibular canines?
What describes the inclination of the cusp's slopes in mandibular canines?
For a lower canine, which of the following best describes the mesial slope?
For a lower canine, which of the following best describes the mesial slope?
How many cusps does a upper first premolar have?
How many cusps does a upper first premolar have?
Which cusp is larger in the upper first premolar?
Which cusp is larger in the upper first premolar?
When viewed from the palatal aspect, the palatal cusp of an upper first premolar is notably what?
When viewed from the palatal aspect, the palatal cusp of an upper first premolar is notably what?
How many roots does the upper first premolar typically have?
How many roots does the upper first premolar typically have?
How many roots are typically present on a second premolar?
How many roots are typically present on a second premolar?
With regards to the buccal cusp, which slope is shorter on the upper second premolars?
With regards to the buccal cusp, which slope is shorter on the upper second premolars?
With regards to development, is it common for second premolars to possess a groove distally?
With regards to development, is it common for second premolars to possess a groove distally?
How many cusps would you expect to observe on a lower first premolars?
How many cusps would you expect to observe on a lower first premolars?
The crown of a first premolar is best described as which shape when viewed occlusally?
The crown of a first premolar is best described as which shape when viewed occlusally?
How many cusps would you expect to observe on a lower second premolars?
How many cusps would you expect to observe on a lower second premolars?
What is the typical number of cusps observed on permanent upper first molars?
What is the typical number of cusps observed on permanent upper first molars?
What divides the occlusal surface into 2, often with distinct and separate groove patterns?
What divides the occlusal surface into 2, often with distinct and separate groove patterns?
How many roots are connected to upper first molars?
How many roots are connected to upper first molars?
In upper second molars, how does the disto-palatal cusp compare to that of the first molar?
In upper second molars, how does the disto-palatal cusp compare to that of the first molar?
Which of the following best describes the occlusal shape of upper third molars?
Which of the following best describes the occlusal shape of upper third molars?
What feature is associated with mandibular first molars?
What feature is associated with mandibular first molars?
In lower second molars, what is the overall shape?
In lower second molars, what is the overall shape?
Name the number of roots expected in mandibular third molars
Name the number of roots expected in mandibular third molars
In an upper first molar, which cusp is the largest?
In an upper first molar, which cusp is the largest?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the upper third molar?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the upper third molar?
Incisally, how many cusps are present on an upper canine?
Incisally, how many cusps are present on an upper canine?
Which surface of the upper canine is convex?
Which surface of the upper canine is convex?
Which of the following describes the palatal surface of upper central incisors?
Which of the following describes the palatal surface of upper central incisors?
The marginal ridges meet centrally near which margin to form the cingulum on the upper central incisors?
The marginal ridges meet centrally near which margin to form the cingulum on the upper central incisors?
Which of the following describes the root of the upper central incisors?
Which of the following describes the root of the upper central incisors?
Upper lateral incisors are smaller than which other tooth?
Upper lateral incisors are smaller than which other tooth?
The cervical part of a upper lateral incisor is ___ than the incisal portion.
The cervical part of a upper lateral incisor is ___ than the incisal portion.
The mesial and distal marginal ridges are a more pronounced feature on what tooth?
The mesial and distal marginal ridges are a more pronounced feature on what tooth?
The cingulum pit is more marked on what tooth?
The cingulum pit is more marked on what tooth?
The cervical undulation appears on which aspect of the upper lateral incisors?
The cervical undulation appears on which aspect of the upper lateral incisors?
When compared to upper canines, lower canines are best described as which of the following?
When compared to upper canines, lower canines are best described as which of the following?
When viewing a lower canine, the mesial slope of the cusp is ___ than the distal slope?
When viewing a lower canine, the mesial slope of the cusp is ___ than the distal slope?
A central developmental groove separates the cusps on what tooth?
A central developmental groove separates the cusps on what tooth?
How many fossae are present on the lower first premolar?
How many fossae are present on the lower first premolar?
The disto-palatal cusp is the ___ cusp on an upper first molar.
The disto-palatal cusp is the ___ cusp on an upper first molar.
Which of the ridges runs from the disto-buccal cusp to the mesio-palatal cusp on an upper first molar?
Which of the ridges runs from the disto-buccal cusp to the mesio-palatal cusp on an upper first molar?
The oblique ridge divides the occlusal surface into how many parts?
The oblique ridge divides the occlusal surface into how many parts?
How many roots are found on an upper first molar?
How many roots are found on an upper first molar?
Which of these best describes the outline of the overall crown shape when viewed occlusally on a lower first molar?
Which of these best describes the outline of the overall crown shape when viewed occlusally on a lower first molar?
Flashcards
Cusp Tip
Cusp Tip
The tip of a cusp on a tooth.
Mesial and Distal Slopes
Mesial and Distal Slopes
Inclined surfaces that form the cusp.
Developmental Groove
Developmental Groove
Grooves that can be found on the occlusal, buccal, palatal, or lingual surfaces of teeth.
Fossa (fossae)
Fossa (fossae)
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Pulp Chamber
Pulp Chamber
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Root Canals
Root Canals
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Pulp Horns
Pulp Horns
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Mamelons
Mamelons
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Cingulum
Cingulum
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Cingulum Pit
Cingulum Pit
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Cervical Undulation
Cervical Undulation
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Marginal Ridges
Marginal Ridges
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Labial Surface
Labial Surface
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Mesio-incisal Angle
Mesio-incisal Angle
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Disto-incisal Angle
Disto-incisal Angle
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Single Cusp
Single Cusp
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Oblique Ridge
Oblique Ridge
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Importance of the Oblique Ridge
Importance of the Oblique Ridge
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Cusp of Carabelli
Cusp of Carabelli
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Cusps of Maxillary Premolars
Cusps of Maxillary Premolars
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Central Groove
Central Groove
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Location of Canine Fossa
Location of Canine Fossa
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Cusps of Mandibular Premolars
Cusps of Mandibular Premolars
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Appearance of Mandibular Premolar
Appearance of Mandibular Premolar
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Development of Mandibular Premolars
Development of Mandibular Premolars
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Cusp Form of Third Molars
Cusp Form of Third Molars
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Study Notes
- Permanent Dentition Tooth Morphology is a module of Oral and Dental Science taught by Ms P Lazarou.
GDC Learning Outcomes
- 2013: 1.1.5 involves describing relevant dental, oral, craniofacial, and general anatomy, explaining their clinical application.
- 2023: C 1.5 includes identifying relevant anatomy, recognizing diversity across patient populations, and explaining relevance to patient management.
Intended Learning Outcomes
- Revise and identify anatomical details of teeth
- Record the chronology and notation for the permanent dentition
- Identify and describe locations/anatomy of tooth surfaces in the permanent dentition
- Compare and discuss the anatomical differences between the permanent teeth
- Discuss and reflect on how this knowledge applies in a clinical setting
Assessment
- Formative assessment: Permanent Dentitions Workbook
- Summative assessment: Questions in Oral and Dental Sciences Eassessment
Dental Notation Systems
- A review of dental notation systems is required to identify teeth
Tooth Anatomy
- Cusp:
- Includes the cusp tip (ct).
- Includes the mesial slope (ms).
- Includes the distal slope (ds)
- Includes the cusp incline
- Developmental Groove:
- Developmental grooves can be found occlusally, buccally, palatally, lingually, and even on roots
- Fossa:
- Pits or hollows on the tooth surface
- Can be associated with grooves
- Can be enclosed by ridges
- Pulp Anatomy:
- Pulp chamber in the crown of the tooth
- Root canals extend from pulp within the roots
- Pulp horns extend from the pulp chamber under cusps
Upper Central Incisors (11;21)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification occurs 3-4 months after birth
- Crown completion occurs at 4-5 years
- Eruption at 7-8 years
- Root completion at 10 years
- Labial view:
- They have a large crown
- The labial surface is smooth and slightly convex
- Mesio-incisal angle is sharp
- Disto-incisal angle is rounded
- Mamelons are often present when newly erupted
- Palatal view:
- The palatal surface is concave
- Mesial and distal marginal ridges are present.
- Marginal ridges form a convex cingulum near the gingival margin.
- The cingulum pit is above the cingulum
- Mesial view:
- The crown enamel margin undulates mesially and distally.
- Single, tapering root
- One root canal with two pulp horns, one mesial, one distal
Upper Lateral Incisors (12;22)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification occurs 10-12 months after birth
- Crown completion: 4-5 years
- Eruption: 8-9 years
- Root completion: 11 years
- Labial view:
- Much less bulky and smaller than a central incisor
- Narrower cervically (gingivally) than incisally
- Pronounced rounding of the disto-incisal angle
- Palatal view:
- Pronounced mesial and distal marginal ridges
- Palatal cingulum
- More marked cingulum pit than the central incisor
- Mesial view:
- Cervical undulation mesially and distally
- Single tapering root
- One root canal with two pulp horns
- One mesial and one distal.
Upper Canine (13;23)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 4-5 months after birth
- Crown completion: 6-7 years
- Eruption: 11-12 years
- Root completion: 13-15 years
- Labial view:
- A single cusp incisally
- Labial surface is convex
- Distal slope of the cusp is longer than the mesial slope
- Distal surface has a more bulbous shape than the mesial surface
- General Morphology:
- Distal bulge.
- Convex labial surface.
- Distal cusp slope.
- Mesial cusp slope.
- Cusp tip
- Palatal view:
- Concave palatal surface.
- Pronounced mesial and distal marginal ridges.
- Large cingulum.
- Mesial and distal fossae
- Distal view:
- Cervical undulation.
- Single, long, tapering root.
- One root canal with no pulp horns.
- Distal root groove is more prominent than the mesial root groove
Lower Central Incisor (31;41)
- Chronology:
- Initial Calcification: 3-4 months after birth
- Crown Completion: 4-5 years
- Eruption: 6-7 years
- Root Completion: 9 years
- Labial View:
- Flat labial surface
- Fairly symmetrical labial surface
- Distal incisal angle is only slightly more rounded than the mesial incisal angle
- Mamelons initially present on eruption and quickly wear away
- Lingual View:
- Concave lingual surface
- Small marginal ridges
- Small cingulum
- Mesial View:
- Crown is wedge-shaped from the side view
- Cervical undulation
- One root, one root canal and mesial and distal pulp horns
Lower Lateral Incisor (32;42)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 3-4 months after birth
- Crown completion: 4-5 years
- Eruption: 7-8 years
- Root completion: 10 years
- Labial View:
- Shape is more fan-shaped than the central incisor
- Mesio-incisal angle is sharp and disto-incisal angle is rounded
- Mesial side is slightly longer than the distal side
- Lingual View:
- Concave lingual surface
- Small cingulum
- One root with more pronounced distal groove than mesial groove
- One root canal, mesial and distal pulp horns
Lower Canine (33;43)
- Is less bulky than the upper canine
- Crown is taller than it is wide
- Labial View:
- The labial surface is convex, with one cusp that inclines distally
- Mesial slope of the cusp is shorter than the distal slope
- Distal surface is more bulbous than the mesial
- Lingual View:
- Mesial and distal marginal ridges and a cingulum present.
- Mesial and distal lingual fossae.
- One root, one root canal and no pulp horns.
Upper First Premolar (14;24)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 18-21 months after birth
- Crown completion: 5-6 years
- Eruption: 10-11 years
- Root completion: 12-13 years
- Buccal View:
- Two cusps, one buccal and one palatal.
- Buccal cusp is larger.
- Mesial slope of the buccal cusp is longer than the distal slope.
- Crown is oval - wider bucco-palatally than mesio-distally
- Palatal View:
- Palatal cusp is smaller and narrower.
- Tip of the palatal cusp is displaced mesially when viewed from the palatal side.
- One central groove, and two fossae inside the marginal ridges.
- Mesial View:
-
Mesial root surface has a developmental groove between the two cusps.
-
Canine fossa--hollow concavity on mesial root surface which houses the bulge distally on the canine.
-
Two roots--one buccal and one palatal
-
- Distal View:
- Two roots—one buccal and one palatal
- The two roots are sometimes partly fused
- Two root canals (buccal and palatal) and two pulp horns
Upper Second Premolar (15;25)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification 2-2.5 years
- Crown completion 6-7 years
- Eruption 10-12 years
- Root completion 12-14 years
- Buccal view:
- Has 2 cusps - one buccal & one palatal
- The buccal cusp is slightly larger than the palatal cusp
- The Mesial slope of the buccal cusp is shorter than the distal slope
- The crown is oval – wider bucco-palatally than mesio-distally
- Palatal View:
- The palatal cusp is displaced mesially as in the first premolar
- Single root is flattened mesio-distally
- Has one or two root canals, and two pulp horns
- The root may bend distally at apex
- Distal View:
- Has one central groove, and two fossae inside the marginal ridges.
- The root often has a more prominent groove distally
Lower First Premolar (34;44)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 1 ¾-2 years.
- Crown completion: 5-6 years.
- Eruption: 10-12 years.
- Root completion: 12-13 years.
- The mesial slope of the buccal cusp is shorter than the distal slope:
- Buccal view:
- There are 2 cusps, one large buccal cusp and one much smaller lingual cusp
- Crown outline - round/ angled off mesially
- Crown shape - similar to lower canine with shorter mesial cusp:
- Shape- bulbous distal surface
- Lingual view:
- One central developmental groove that separates the cusps
- There are 2 fossae, one mesially and one distally.
- Distal fossa-larger
- Distal View:
- Buccal cusp leans lingually
- Lingual cusp overhangs the root
- Buccal surface - Very curved
- One root and canal:
- Single pulp horn
Lower Second Premolar (35;45)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 2 ¼ -2 ½ years
- Crown completion: 6-7 years
- Eruption: 11-12 years
- First root completion: 13-14 years
- The lingual cusps short (mesially)
- Note very short lingual Cusp (44)
- Note Cingulum Cusps- Lingual Cusps Much Higher from side view (35) Labial Morphology:
- Occlusal round shape (46): Has 3 cusps - a buccal and 2 lingual cusps.
- General Morphology :
- It has 2 fossae distal (dl) and medial (ml) on the lingually and one Buccal root from the occlusal view :
- The View and Buccal Area- The Distaf are mesial from the distal view : Buccal (B)
- Buccal cusp , that is one Buccal root is seen from View: ( ml ,dl from LINGUAL / and M , D , and Buccal part ( that makes up area in circle)
- The mesio-lingual cusp is larger than the disto-lingual cusp, it is usually more prominent
- Lingual aspects:
- A single root with a with tendency to curve distally at the apex from the view in this angle from view.
- General Occlusal and root facts: One canal , with 2 from canal , that is viewed from a distal view.
Maxillary Molars
- Upper First Molars (16;26)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: At birth or slightly before
- Crown completion: 2 ½ -3 years
- Eruption: 6-7 years
- Root completion: 9-10 years Buccal View Morphology / cusps :
- There are main 4 cusps in this region and buccal view :
- mesio-buccal (mb) or mesiolingual section- the section inside of the tooth
- disto-buccal (db ) ( Distal Buccal)- the top most section or edge section of the tooth.
- mesio-palatal(mp) inner mouth palate of the mouth / section inside of the tooth
- disto-palatal (dp)- inside of the mouth palate -bottom most area of the section
- The general cusp size in comparision
- are 2 buccal cusps of similar size to the top edges.
- mesio-palatal= The cusp the largest in size and form!
- disto-palatal cusp area = as the smallest
- Palatal view: the side close to view
- There a the palatal surface side additional cusp from side view
- Additional side called: Cusp of Carabelli
- Occlusal View morphology
- The crown is shaped equilateral rhomboid, , that is with the with the top mesio-distal measure is roughly equal to the side bucco-palatal measure
- Mesial Cusp enamel ridge ( that is diagonal)
Central Morphology review: Oblique ridge divides the top occlusal surface is divided into 2 with grooves and separate grooves :
-
The distal- side deep towards grove the sides of palatal surfaces in the sections :
-
View From Central
- Central groove may be oblique and may divide into 2 sections/ view. from view and is central side:
-
Root system - has 3 total sides in the root area.
-
Large single palatal
- mesio-buccal - disto-buccal - 3 root canals : - 4 pulp horns- ( Extra to the mesio-Buccal)
-
Upper Second Molar (17;27)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification is 2 ½ -3 years
- Crown completion is 7-8 years
- Eruption at 12-13 years
- Root completion is 14-16 years
- There are 4 cusps --Mesial side
- As it is with upper first molar, has 4 cusps , the view that are located in disto and bucal and sections/ and -palatal view.
- Chronology:
The smaller disto-palatal cusp, the top occlusal : The top - rhomboidal shape has enamel and no equilateral enamel
Morphology. -
- The fissure pattern occlusal very , similarly Oblique
with a with similar structure in this root to first area: 3 area
- 2-4 , of areas within structures.
Upper Third Molar (18;28)
- Chronology;
- initial : 7-9 years . -: has main 12 to. 16 years. , then year 17 21 range, with completion range!
- 2 The, and small , with that and the lost: (distal and small views from side)
- cusp and numbers may vary in both , and has. May have fused side. Canal from side. View :
- --has enamel from. Diagonal
Mandibular Third Molar
- Note has from enamel in structure to central
Lower Third Molar
- the form and size can vary
- The number may be 4 5 6 ( and size will determine variable) -Variable and may have , and be inclination from distal view. bVery curved - convex wall Mesial and structure.
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