32 Questions
Where is the autonomic ganglion localized in the autonomic nervous system?
In the vertebra column
How many pairs of lumbar nerves are there in the spinal nerves anatomy?
5 pairs
What is the main difference between the somatic and autonomic efferent divisions in terms of the number of neurons involved?
One neuron in somatic, two neurons in autonomic
Which type of muscle do the efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system target?
Smooth muscle
Where is the first neuron (preganglionic fiber) located in the autonomic nervous system?
In the lateral horn of the spinal cord
Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for localizing motor neurons in the somatic efferent division?
Ventral hole
What is the main difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
The nature of effector organs targeted
How is the motor pathway different between somatic and autonomic efferent divisions?
Myelinated neuron in somatic, two neurons in autonomic
Which region of the body is Parasympathetic localized in?
Sacral
What is the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Ach
How are the preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system described?
Short
Which receptors respond to adrenaline and noradrenaline?
Alpha and beta receptors
What type of innervation do most organs in the body have?
Dual innervation
Which division of the autonomic nervous system dominates under certain circumstances?
Sympathetic nervous system
What neurotransmitter is released by the postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system?
Noradrenaline
What interaction results from the binding of Ach to nicotinic receptors?
Depolarization of postsynaptic cell
What is the location of the terminal ganglia in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Near the organ they innervate
What is the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Ach
What are the exceptions of dual innervation in the autonomic nervous system?
Blood vessels, Sweat glands, Salivary glands
What are the two types of receptors in the autonomic nervous system?
Cholinergic receptors and Adrenergic receptors
Where are autonomic nervous system receptors located?
Plasma membrane of the postsynaptic neurone or effector organ
What is the main difference in the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic fibers between parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems?
Ach for parasympathetic, NA for sympathetic
Describe the difference between the somatic and autonomic efferent divisions in terms of the localization of motor neurons.
Somatic motor neurons are localized in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, whereas autonomic motor neurons have their first neuron localized in the lateral horn of the spinal cord and the second neuron localized in an autonomic ganglion.
Explain the structural difference between the motor neuron pathways in the somatic and autonomic efferent divisions.
The somatic efferent division consists of a single myelinated neuron, whereas the autonomic efferent division has two neurons - the first myelinated and the second unmyelinated.
Discuss the differences in the target organs of the autonomic nervous system between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
The sympathetic division targets effector neurons like cardiac and smooth muscle, while the parasympathetic division targets effector organs.
Explain the pathway of the first neuron (preganglionic fiber) in the autonomic nervous system.
The first neuron travels from the lateral horn of the spinal cord to the autonomic ganglion.
Describe the location of the autonomic ganglion in the autonomic nervous system.
The autonomic ganglion is localized in the vertebra column.
Parasympathetic has short preganglionic fibers
False
Sympathetic postganglionic fibers release Ach as a neurotransmitter
False
Salivary glands are innervated antagonistically by SNS and PSNS
False
Nicotinic receptors respond to adrenaline and noradrenaline
False
Majority of organs in the body are innervated by only one division of the autonomic nervous system
False
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System. Learn about the efferent nervous divisions like Somatic and Autonomic, and the anatomy of PNS including the spinal nerves and their distribution.
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