46 Questions
What is the primary purpose of bone marrow aspirate and biopsy?
To diagnose blood disorders and cancers
Which condition is associated with hypercellular bone marrow?
Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia
What stain is typically used for assessing bone marrow trephine biopsy?
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Stain
In which disease might hypocellular bone marrow be observed?
Aplastic Anemia
Which laboratory test is most appropriate to order on a patient with a suspected hematologic disorder?
Complete blood count (CBC)
What is the primary purpose of a peripheral blood smear (PBS) in evaluating a patient with a suspected hematologic disorder?
To evaluate blood cell characteristics
Which laboratory test is used to identify and quantify the different types of white blood cells?
Complete blood count (CBC)
What does a corrected reticulocyte count (CRC) measure in a patient with a suspected hematologic disorder?
Blood cell production activity
In addition to the complete blood count (CBC), what other lab test might be indicated for a patient with a suspected hematologic disorder?
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
What would be the next appropriate step if bone marrow examination is indicated for a patient with a suspected hematologic disorder?
Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy
What is the best indicator of the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood?
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
Which laboratory test is used for the evaluation of color or chromia of red blood cells and classification of anemias?
MCHC (g/dL)
Which condition is associated with increased mean platelet volume?
Thrombocytosis
What is the average volume of red blood cells called?
Mean cell volume (MCV)
Which component is used for the differential count and abnormal cell morphology in a peripheral blood smear?
Abnormal WBCs
What is the normal range for white blood cell count (WBCs) in adults?
4 - 10 x109/L
What does decreased hemoglobin indicate?
(Dehydration)
Which condition is associated with neutrophilia?
(Acute) inflammatory response
What does increased lymphocyte count indicate?
(Chronic) inflammatory response
What does decreased platelet count indicate?
Thrombocytopenia
What is the significance of increased eosinophils?
Allergic reactions
Which abnormal cells are evaluated in a peripheral blood smear?
Parasites like malaria, babesia, filaria
Intravascular hemolysis is characterized by which of the following clinical features?
Low serum haptoglobin and hemoglobinemia
Which laboratory findings are associated with extravascular hemolysis?
Elevated urobilinogen and hemosiderinuria
Which condition is commonly associated with jaundice and splenomegaly?
Malaria-induced hemolytic anemia
What is the main difference in the clinical presentation of intravascular and extravascular hemolysis?
Dark urine color
Which enzyme level is typically elevated in extravascular hemolysis?
LDH
What is the primary site of hemolysis in extravascular hemolysis?
Spleen, liver, and lymph node macrophages
What is a characteristic morphologic finding in the blood smear of a patient with extravascular hemolysis?
Spherocytes and spur cells
Which urinary finding is associated with intravascular hemolysis?
Cola-colored urine
What is a common symptom associated with both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis?
Jaundice
Which clinical feature distinguishes intravascular from extravascular hemolysis?
Dark urine color
What is the primary mechanism of destruction of red blood cells in intravascular hemolysis?
Immune destruction by spleen macrophages
Which enzyme level is typically elevated in intravascular hemolysis?
AST
What is the classification of anemias based on RBC size?
Normocytic, e.g., iron-deficiency anemia and thalassemia
What are spherocytes?
Spherical RBCs with normal MCV, MCH, and MCHC
Which stain is used to identify immature RBCs in a peripheral blood smear?
Wright-Giemsa stain
What is the marker of erythropoietic activity?
Reticulocyte count (RC)
Where does extravascular hemolysis primarily occur?
Within the macrophages of the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes
What is the clinical feature associated with intravascular hemolysis?
Jaundice
Which stain is used to assess reticulocytes in human blood?
Supravital new methylene blue stain
What is the average volume of red blood cells called?
$MCV$
What distinguishes spherocytes from normal RBCs?
Shape and color intensity
Which enzyme level is typically elevated in extravascular hemolysis?
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level
What are polychromatophilic or orthochromic macrocytes indicative of?
Erythropoietic activity
What does a high reticulocyte count indicate?
Erythropoietic activity
Learn to recognize and interpret the characteristics evaluated in a peripheral blood smear related to variation in RBC size (Anisocytosis, Related to MCV). This quiz will help you understand the different types of RBCs and their characteristics seen in a peripheral blood smear.
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