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What is the primary purpose of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy?
What is the primary purpose of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy?
- To diagnose and stage various blood and bone marrow disorders (correct)
- To assess the response to chemotherapy in solid organ tumors
- To treat acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
- To monitor the progression of lung diseases
What is the typical procedure for obtaining a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy?
What is the typical procedure for obtaining a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy?
- Collection of blood samples for laboratory analysis
- Use of imaging techniques to visualize the bone marrow
- Surgical removal of bone tissue from the hip bone
- Insertion of a needle into the sternum to extract bone marrow samples (correct)
What can a hypercellular bone marrow indicate?
What can a hypercellular bone marrow indicate?
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Multiple myeloma
- Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (correct)
- Hodgkin's lymphoma
What do the results of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy help determine?
What do the results of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy help determine?
Which laboratory test is most appropriate to order for a patient with a suspected hematologic disorder to identify blood cell characteristics?
Which laboratory test is most appropriate to order for a patient with a suspected hematologic disorder to identify blood cell characteristics?
What is the primary purpose of ordering a complete blood count (CBC) for a patient with a suspected hematologic disorder?
What is the primary purpose of ordering a complete blood count (CBC) for a patient with a suspected hematologic disorder?
In a patient suspected of having a hematologic disorder, which laboratory test would help in identifying anemia morphology and underlying mechanisms?
In a patient suspected of having a hematologic disorder, which laboratory test would help in identifying anemia morphology and underlying mechanisms?
What would be the most appropriate test to order to determine if a patient with suspected hematologic disorder has intravascular or extravascular hemolysis?
What would be the most appropriate test to order to determine if a patient with suspected hematologic disorder has intravascular or extravascular hemolysis?
If indicated, which test would be essential to explain the indications for bone marrow aspirate and biopsy?
If indicated, which test would be essential to explain the indications for bone marrow aspirate and biopsy?
Which lab test would be most useful in identifying the cause for each type of given anemia in a patient with suspected hematologic disorder?
Which lab test would be most useful in identifying the cause for each type of given anemia in a patient with suspected hematologic disorder?
Which laboratory test is the best indicator of oxygen-carrying capacity of blood?
Which laboratory test is the best indicator of oxygen-carrying capacity of blood?
What is the average volume of red blood cells (RBCs) known as?
What is the average volume of red blood cells (RBCs) known as?
Which condition is indicated by MCV < 80 µm³?
Which condition is indicated by MCV < 80 µm³?
What does the term 'hyperchromic' refer to in relation to red blood cells?
What does the term 'hyperchromic' refer to in relation to red blood cells?
In which condition is the red cell distribution width (RDW) normal?
In which condition is the red cell distribution width (RDW) normal?
What does an increase in segmented neutrophils (%) indicate?
What does an increase in segmented neutrophils (%) indicate?
Which condition is associated with increased eosinophils (%)?
Which condition is associated with increased eosinophils (%)?
What does a decrease in platelet count indicate?
What does a decrease in platelet count indicate?
'Immature cells' such as erythroblasts and myeloblasts can be observed in which type of PBS evaluation?
'Immature cells' such as erythroblasts and myeloblasts can be observed in which type of PBS evaluation?
'Megathrombocytes', which are very large platelets, can be observed in which type of PBS evaluation?
'Megathrombocytes', which are very large platelets, can be observed in which type of PBS evaluation?
What can be assessed by evaluating RBCs in a peripheral blood smear (PBS)?
What can be assessed by evaluating RBCs in a peripheral blood smear (PBS)?
What is the relevance of assessing WBCs in a peripheral blood smear (PBS)?
What is the relevance of assessing WBCs in a peripheral blood smear (PBS)?
Which condition is characterized by normocytic and normochromic RBCs?
Which condition is characterized by normocytic and normochromic RBCs?
What condition is associated with microcytic and hypochromic RBCs?
What condition is associated with microcytic and hypochromic RBCs?
Which disease can result in the presence of spherocytes in the blood smear?
Which disease can result in the presence of spherocytes in the blood smear?
What is the characteristic RBC size in megaloblastic (B12- and folate-deficiency) anemia?
What is the characteristic RBC size in megaloblastic (B12- and folate-deficiency) anemia?
What is the color of immature RBCs identified as polychromatophilic or orthochromic macrocytes on a Wright-Giemsa stained blood smear?
What is the color of immature RBCs identified as polychromatophilic or orthochromic macrocytes on a Wright-Giemsa stained blood smear?
What is the marker of erythropoietic activity that is a result of early release of immature RBCs from the bone marrow?
What is the marker of erythropoietic activity that is a result of early release of immature RBCs from the bone marrow?
Which mechanism involves the phagocytosis of RBCs by macrophages in the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes?
Which mechanism involves the phagocytosis of RBCs by macrophages in the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes?
What is the end product of bilirubin metabolism that gives stool its characteristic dark brown color?
What is the end product of bilirubin metabolism that gives stool its characteristic dark brown color?
'Hyperchromic' and 'microcytic' spherocytes seen in a PBS would be counted as which type of cells by a CBC analyzer?
'Hyperchromic' and 'microcytic' spherocytes seen in a PBS would be counted as which type of cells by a CBC analyzer?
'Polychromasia' on a blood smear indicates what about the cells?
'Polychromasia' on a blood smear indicates what about the cells?
Which site is NOT involved in metabolic transformation during extravascular hemolysis?
Which site is NOT involved in metabolic transformation during extravascular hemolysis?
In intravascular hemolysis, which of the following is a clinical feature?
In intravascular hemolysis, which of the following is a clinical feature?
What is the main site of hemolysis in extravascular hemolysis?
What is the main site of hemolysis in extravascular hemolysis?
Which laboratory finding is characteristic of intravascular hemolysis?
Which laboratory finding is characteristic of intravascular hemolysis?
What is the mechanism of metabolic transformation in intravascular hemolysis?
What is the mechanism of metabolic transformation in intravascular hemolysis?
Which enzyme is typically elevated in extravascular hemolysis?
Which enzyme is typically elevated in extravascular hemolysis?
Which condition is associated with increased urobilinogen in urinary samples?
Which condition is associated with increased urobilinogen in urinary samples?
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Study Notes
- The text is from an educational resource titled "Principles of Hematology" by Michael M. Yakubovskyy.
- The text covers various topics related to hematology, including laboratory tests for suspected hematological disorders, components of a complete blood count (CBC), peripheral blood smear analysis, and anemia classification.
- Laboratory tests for suspected hematological disorders include a complete blood count (CBC), peripheral blood smear (PBS), differential white blood cell (WBC Diff) count, corrected reticulocyte count (CRC), hemoglobin electrophoresis, iron panel, serum B12 and folate levels, and bone marrow examination.
- CBC includes RBC indices (red cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width), WBC count and differential count, and platelet count.
- The components of a CBC and their relevance to blood cell characteristics are important for diagnosing and understanding various blood disorders. For instance, microcytic anemia is characterized by an MCV below 80 fL, while normocytic anemia has an MCV between 80 and 100 fL.
- Peripheral blood smear (PBS) analysis is essential for recognizing and interpreting various abnormalities, such as immature cells, atypical lymphocytes, megathrombocytes, parasites, and other abnormal cells or structures.
- Normal adult PBS typically includes RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, with variations in size, shape, hemoglobin concentration, and inclusion bodies.
- Anemia classification can be based on RBC size (normocytic, microcytic, and macrocytic) and color intensity (normochromic, hypochromic, and hyperchromic). For example, iron-deficiency anemia is hypochromic and microcytic, while sickle-cell anemia is normochromic and normocytic.
- Spherocytes, which are sphere-shaped RBCs with normal MCV, MCH, and MCHC, are seen in hereditary spherocytosis and immune hemolytic anemia.
- Nucleated RBCs are produced during erythropoiesis and can be seen in a peripheral blood smear.
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