Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Which of the following is the primary mechanism behind the signs and symptoms of peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?

Which of the following physiological processes is initially disrupted in the development of arteriosclerosis, a key factor in PAD?

A patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) reports experiencing leg pain that is relieved by sitting and dangling their legs. What physiological principle explains this?

A patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) reports experiencing increased leg pain at night. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

A patient with PAD experiences severe pain in the calf muscle during exercise, which is relieved by rest. Which term accurately describes this symptom?

During a physical examination of a patient with suspected PAD, what clinical finding is most indicative of chronic arterial insufficiency?

An ankle-brachial index (ABI) is ordered for a patient with suspected PAD. If the ankle systolic blood pressure is 90 mmHg and the brachial systolic blood pressure is 120 mmHg, what does this ABI suggest?

When educating a patient diagnosed with PAD about lifestyle modifications, which intervention should be given the highest priority?

What is the primary goal of managing intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?

Which medication is commonly prescribed to reduce the risk of thrombotic events in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?

Which statement best explains the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF)?

What is the significance of ejection fraction (EF) in the context of heart failure (HF)?

Which of the following is a key distinction between heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)?

Why does left-sided heart failure often lead to pulmonary congestion and edema?

Which clinical manifestation is specifically characteristic of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and requires immediate intervention?

A patient with heart failure reports paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. What physiological mechanism explains this?

Why is monitoring daily weight important for patients with chronic heart failure?

What dietary recommendation is typically included in the management plan for chronic heart failure (HF)?

What is the rationale for using diuretics in the management of heart failure (HF)?

Which classification of medications may be used in heart failure patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors?

A 76-year-old male is two days post-op from an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a right femur fracture. Which of his medications increases his risk of developing a pulmonary embolism?

A 76-year-old male is two days post-op from an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a right femur fracture. The patient is complaining of right sided chest pain. He states that he is short of breath. His vital signs are: BP 98/60; P 120; R 24; Pulse oximeter reads 86%, so you start him on 6L 02 by nasal cannula (NC). You identify faint crackles in the posterior bases bilaterally. The heart monitor on lead II shows nonspecific T wave changes. What order should take priority?

A 76-year-old male is two days post-op from an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a right femur fracture. He has a spiral CT scan of the lungs. The interpretation of the results read "strongly suggestive of a pulmonary embolus (PE)." Which of the follow symptoms is unique to fat embolisms?

A 76-year-old male is two days post-op from an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a right femur fracture. He has a spiral CT scan of the lungs. The interpretation of the results read "strongly suggestive of a pulmonary embolus (PE)." Which is the best explanation for his risk of developing a Pulmonary Embolism?

A 76-year-old male is two days post-op from an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a right femur fracture. He has a spiral CT scan of the lungs. The interpretation of the results read "strongly suggestive of a pulmonary embolus (PE)." You are the nurse caring for the patient and you are monitoring his lab values. What lab value should you monitor closely as a result of his receiving heparin?

Which statement accurately describes a similarity between fat embolisms and blood clot embolisms in the lungs?

Which anticoagulant medication is most commonly administered initially in acute pulmonary embolism cases due to its rapid onset of action?

After the patient is stable, the physician plans to switch the patient 76-year-old male is two days post-op from an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a right femur fracture from heparin to an oral anticoagulant. Which of the following requires patient education?

A 68-year-old retired painter, S.P., presents with right leg calf pain that began approximately 2 years ago, worsening in the last 4 months. The pain is exercise-induced and relieved by rest. Based on this information, what is the most likely initial diagnosis?

S.P., a 68-year-old with PAD, has smoked 2-3 packs of cigarettes per day for 45 years. How does smoking contribute to the pathophysiology of S.P.'s PAD?

S.P., a 68-year-old with PAD, has a history of coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HTN), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and osteoarthritis. Which combination of these conditions most directly contributes to the development of PAD?

S.P., a 68-year-old with PAD, reports increased hip pain with exercise that is not promptly relieved by rest and is sometimes worse than other days; which risk factor would the nurse attribute to these symptom?

Which of the following signs would the nurse expect to find during an assessment of S.P.'s lower extremities, consistent with his diagnosis of PAD?

S.P. is scheduled for an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test. What instructions should the nurse provide to a patient, S.P., prior to an ABI test?

Which aspect of patient teaching is most important to emphasize to a hypertensive patient, S.P., being switched from aspirin to clopidogrel?

A client had quadruple coronary artery bypass graft (CABG x4) three years ago. What medication is best for management?

Select the three conditions best supported by the information presented about the 68-year-old painter being evaluated in the clinic.

Identify three priorities for a nurse responding to a client who is restless and complaining of chest pain

A 76-year-old male is two days post-op from an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a right femur fracture. The interpretation of the results read "strongly suggestive of a pulmonary embolus (PE)." In what situation a thrombolytics such as alteplase (Activase) be beneficial for this patient

S.P., a 68-year-old retired painter with known PAD, reports that he still smokes 2 packs a day. How does smoking contribute to the progression of S.P.'s PAD?

S.P., who does not have ankle edema, is scheduled for an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test. What should the nurse instruct S.P. to do to prepare for this test focusing on modifiable factors?

M.M. a 76 year old male is diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism (PE) and is being treated with heparin. Considering their age and post-operative status, what is the primary rationale for using heparin over other anticoagulants in the initial management of M.M.'s PE?

M.M. a 76 year old male is diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism (PE). The health care provider is considering using thrombolytics such as alteplase (Activase). What aspect of M.M.'s case would be most concerning regarding the use of thrombolytic therapy?

M.M. is started on Warfarin for management of the pulmonary embolism. Besides taking the medication at the same time each day and the importance of consistent blood work, what dietary education points are important to convey?