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Perioperative Nursing Management
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Perioperative Nursing Management

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@PanoramicJacksonville

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of obtaining voluntary consent from a patient before surgery?

  • To confirm the patient's understanding of the surgical procedure
  • To ensure the patient has undergone all preoperative testing
  • To give the physician legal protection in case of complications
  • To ensure the patient is an autonomous individual who can make informed decisions (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a part of the preoperative phase nursing care?

  • Baseline assessment during interview
  • Discussion of advanced-directive documents
  • Assessment in the holding area
  • Intraoperative monitoring (correct)

    • What is one objective of preadmission testing in the surgical process?

  • To schedule the postoperative follow-up appointment
  • To assess the patient's eligibility for insurance
  • To involve the family in the interview process (correct)
  • To determine the length of the surgery

    • Which patient group requires special consideration during the preoperative period?

    <p>Patients undergoing emergency surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is considered incompetent to provide consent if they are?

    <p>Cognitively impaired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications does NOT potentially affect the surgical experience?

    <p>Vitamins and dietary supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the nursing history during preoperative surgical phase assessment?

    <p>Key elements pertaining to surgical risks and needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of preoperative care focuses on managing patient expectations regarding pain relief?

    <p>Sensory preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a low-risk surgical procedure?

    <p>Minimal risk to patient with little or no blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following procedures is classified as moderate risk?

    <p>Diagnostic laparoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of outpatient surgical settings?

    <p>Risk of potential complications post discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates major surgery from minor surgery?

    <p>Major surgery involves extensive reconstruction and poses greater risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical setting is NOT typically associated with outpatient procedures?

    <p>Inpatient hospital wards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common gerontological consideration related to the renal system?

    <p>Renal clearance reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of surgery involves extensive actions beyond the area visibly affected?

    <p>Radical surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in preoperative patient education?

    <p>Assistance in long-term rehabilitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timing for teaching clients about surgery to reduce anxiety?

    <p>The week before admission and reinforced later</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of outpatient surgery?

    <p>High interruption of routine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some activities that can help decrease anxiety in patients?

    <p>Music therapy and relaxation exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing diagnosis is most applicable to patients preoperatively experiencing confusion?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse do if preoperative screening tests reveal severe problems?

    <p>Cancel the surgery until the condition is stabilized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is part of final preparations for surgery?

    <p>Have the patient confirm surgical procedure and site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major physiological change in the musculoskeletal system associated with aging?

    <p>Decreased muscle mass and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the integumentary system in older adults is true?

    <p>Lean body mass decreases with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the preoperative phase encompass?

    <p>The period from surgery decision until transfer to operating room.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is classified as urgent surgery?

    <p>Surgery necessary for health but can wait up to two days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surgery is performed to diagnose a condition?

    <p>Diagnostic surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of elective surgery?

    <p>It is performed based on the client's choice and is not essential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the intraoperative phase?

    <p>Patient undergoes surgery after being transferred to the operating room.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of reconstructive surgery?

    <p>To restore function or improve the appearance of malfunctioning tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgery is considered an emergent procedure?

    <p>Surgery that needs immediate attention to preserve life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes transplantation surgery?

    <p>It replaces diseased organs with artificial or donated organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the circulating nurse in the surgical team?

    <p>Managing activities outside the sterile field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an indication for using spinal anesthesia?

    <p>Surgical procedures above the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does spinal anesthesia have over general anesthesia?

    <p>Allows for mental status monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with spinal anesthesia?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In gerontologic considerations, which factor increases older adults' risk during surgery?

    <p>Aging heart and pulmonary systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done when a sterile barrier is breached in a surgical setting?

    <p>The area is considered contaminated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a guideline for maintaining surgical asepsis?

    <p>Movement at least 1-foot distance from sterile field must be maintained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not categorized as an intraoperative complication?

    <p>Postoperative pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position should a patient be placed for kidney surgery?

    <p>Lateral position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is commonly involved in spinal anesthesia?

    <p>Bupivacaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key intervention during the postoperative phase?

    <p>Transferring to PACU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can exacerbate complications from general anesthesia in older adults?

    <p>Increased likelihood of coexisting conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a role of the nursing team during a surgical procedure?

    <p>Providing direct surgical assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Perioperative Nursing Management

    • "Perioperative" refers to the three phases of surgical experience: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative.

    Phases of Perioperative Care

    • Preoperative Phase: Time from surgical decision to transfer to the operating room.
    • Intraoperative Phase: Time from transfer to the operating room until admission to the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU).
    • Postoperative Phase: Begins at PACU admission and ends with follow-up evaluation.

    Definition and Types of Surgery

    • Surgery: Treatment of injuries or diseases through surgical intervention to remove or repair damaged parts.
    • Types by Urgency:
      • Emergent: Immediate action to save life or function.
      • Urgent: Necessary for health, can wait up to two days.
      • Required: Scheduled at some point.
      • Elective: Based on patient choice, not essential for health.

    Types of Surgery by Purpose

    • Diagnostic: Confirms diagnosis, e.g., biopsy.
    • Curative: Removes diseased body parts, e.g., appendectomy.
    • Reconstructive: Restores function or appearance.
    • Transplantation: Replaces damaged organs.
    • Cosmetic: Enhances appearance.

    Surgical Risk Classification

    • Low Risk: Minimal invasiveness, little to no blood loss; examples include breast biopsy.
    • Moderate Risk: Minimal to moderate invasiveness, blood loss of 500-1500 cc; examples include hernia repair.
    • High Risk: Highly invasive, significant blood loss (>1500 cc).

    Surgical Settings

    • Can be performed in surgical suites, outpatient settings, clinics, and homes.

    Preoperative Nursing Care

    • Nursing interventions start with assessment and include obtaining voluntary consent, ensuring understanding of procedures, and confirming completion of necessary tests.
    • Must be written, freely given, and witnessed by a professional; must identify if the patient is competent to consent.

    Preadmission Testing

    • Involves initial assessment, verifying diagnostic tests, discussing advance directives, and planning for discharge.

    Medications Affecting Surgery

    • Certain medications, including anticoagulants, corticosteroids, and diuretics, require careful consideration preoperatively.

    Gerontological Considerations

    • Older adults face increased surgical risks due to coexisting conditions, reduced organ function, and changes in drug responses.

    Preoperative Teaching

    • Focuses on deep breathing, mobility, pain management, coping strategies, and preparing for ambulatory surgery.

    Immediate Preoperative Nursing Interventions

    • Involve administering preanesthetic medication, securing personal belongings, and confirming the procedure and site.

    Role of the Surgical Team

    • Circulating nurse manages patient care, safety, and documentation; responsible for maintaining a sterile environment.

    Types of Anesthesia

    • Regional Anesthesia: Includes local, nerve blocks, epidurals.
    • General Anesthesia: Comprehensively affects all body functions.

    Complications and Adverse Effects

    • Potential complications include infections, allergic reactions, and anesthesia-related issues like hypotension and respiratory problems.

    Postoperative Nursing Management

    • Postoperative care begins upon transfer to PACU and continues until discharge, focusing on recovery and monitoring for potential complications.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the essential components of perioperative care, which includes the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of surgical experiences. Test your knowledge on the nursing management practices that support patients during these critical periods.

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