Podcast
Questions and Answers
What defines the role of fibroblasts in the formation of the periodontal ligament?
What defines the role of fibroblasts in the formation of the periodontal ligament?
- Fibroblasts secrete keratin
- Fibroblasts secrete collagen which becomes embedded as Sharpey's fibers (correct)
- Fibroblasts generate enamel
- Fibroblasts differentiate into osteoblasts
What is formed as a result of the layering process during cementogenesis?
What is formed as a result of the layering process during cementogenesis?
- Cementocytes are formed before cementoblasts
- New cementoblasts arise without any precursors
- Only acellular cementum is generated
- An unmineralized precementum layer followed by a mineralized layer is created (correct)
How does the formation of secondary cellular cementum differ from primary acellular cementum?
How does the formation of secondary cellular cementum differ from primary acellular cementum?
- Secondary cementum has more widely spaced incremental lines due to an increased rate of formation (correct)
- Secondary cementum is thinner than primary cementum
- Secondary cementum forms exclusively from epithelial cells
- Secondary cementum has fewer incremental lines due to a slower formation rate
What type of cells are generated from the stem cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during cementogenesis?
What type of cells are generated from the stem cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during cementogenesis?
What orientation do the cells of the dental follicle take during the beginning of cementogenesis?
What orientation do the cells of the dental follicle take during the beginning of cementogenesis?
Which structure directly connects to the developing alveolar bone during cementogenesis?
Which structure directly connects to the developing alveolar bone during cementogenesis?
What is the primary cellular source for cementoblasts and fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament?
What is the primary cellular source for cementoblasts and fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament?
Which cells are responsible for remodeling bone during tooth eruption?
Which cells are responsible for remodeling bone during tooth eruption?
Which types of nerves initially grow into the periodontal ligament during tooth root formation?
Which types of nerves initially grow into the periodontal ligament during tooth root formation?
What happens to woven bone during the development of the alveolar bone?
What happens to woven bone during the development of the alveolar bone?
During the development of the alveolar bone, where are the osteoblasts primarily active?
During the development of the alveolar bone, where are the osteoblasts primarily active?
What structural change occurs in the alveolar bone as the teeth develop?
What structural change occurs in the alveolar bone as the teeth develop?
Which substances contribute to the organic components of secondary cellular cementum?
Which substances contribute to the organic components of secondary cellular cementum?
What is the role of the cells in the internal layer of the epithelial root sheath of Hertwig?
What is the role of the cells in the internal layer of the epithelial root sheath of Hertwig?
What effect does tooth eruption have on the overlying bone?
What effect does tooth eruption have on the overlying bone?
What occurs once dentinogenesis has commenced regarding the epithelial root sheath?
What occurs once dentinogenesis has commenced regarding the epithelial root sheath?
How do blood vessels enter the periodontal ligament during tooth development?
How do blood vessels enter the periodontal ligament during tooth development?
What is a key characteristic of the composition of alveolar bone compared to cementum?
What is a key characteristic of the composition of alveolar bone compared to cementum?
Which type of cementum is initially formed during cementogenesis?
Which type of cementum is initially formed during cementogenesis?
What are epithelial rests of Malassez?
What are epithelial rests of Malassez?
What is the purpose of dental follicle cells during root formation?
What is the purpose of dental follicle cells during root formation?
Which of the following structures is associated with the degeneration of the dental lamina?
Which of the following structures is associated with the degeneration of the dental lamina?
What indicates the beginning of periodontal ligament development?
What indicates the beginning of periodontal ligament development?
Which stage is critical for the formation of alveolar bone?
Which stage is critical for the formation of alveolar bone?
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Study Notes
Periodontal Ligament: Cell Development
- Dental follicle cells increase cytoplasmic organelles during root formation, leading to collagen and ground substance filling extracellular spaces.
- These cells differentiate into cementoblasts, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts, increasing in number as root and periodontal ligament (PDL) form.
- Osteoclasts develop at the alveolar bone surface, facilitating bone remodeling associated with tooth eruption and growth.
Neurovascular Development
- As the tooth erupts, nerves and blood vessels grow into the PDL from adjacent bone.
- Initially, autonomic nerves establish; sensory innervation becomes organized post-eruption.
- Blood vessels originate from various areas, entering through the periapical region and forming anastomoses with vessels from the alveolar bone and gingiva.
Alveolar Bone Development
- Alveolar bones in the mandible and maxilla form through intramembranous ossification, with osteoblasts laying down embryonic or woven bone.
- The alveolus, separated from the enamel organ by the dental follicle, undergoes inward resorption on its inner wall as teeth develop.
- Osteoblasts deposit new bone on the outer wall of the alveolus, resulting in the formation of a trough for teeth.
Tooth Separation and Bone Remodeling
- Interdental septa form between developing teeth, promoting separation.
- Woven bone is later replaced with lamellar bone.
- Resorption of overlying bone occurs during tooth eruption, creating a pathway for the tooth.
Alveolar Bone vs. Cementum
- Both alveolar bone and secondary cellular cementum have small hydroxyapatite crystals and primarily consist of Type I collagen fibers.
- Dental follicle, external to the root sheath, is responsible for forming cementum, PDL, and likely alveolar bone.
Epithelial Root Sheath of Hertwig
- Cells from the internal layer of the epithelial root sheath induce differentiation of dental papilla cells into odontoblasts.
- After dentinogenesis begins, root sheath cells lose continuity and become separated from the root dentine.
- Dental follicle cells transition into cementoblast-like cells, initiating cementogenesis, resulting in primary (acellular) cementum formation.
Epithelial Remnants
- Epithelial rests of Malassez are remnants retained in the PDL, while epithelial rests of Serres are those in the gingiva, resulting from the degeneration of dental lamina.
Secondary (Cellular) Cementum Formation
- During cementogenesis, remaining dental follicle cells orient along the root surface, becoming PDL fibroblasts that secrete collagen.
- Collagen fibers embed as Sharpey’s fibers in both acellular cementum and developing alveolar bone.
- An unmineralized precementum forms on cellular cementum, which later mineralizes, incorporating cementoblasts transformed into cementocytes.
- Formation of secondary cementum features widely spaced incremental lines indicating an increased rate of formation compared to primary cementum.
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