Pathogenesis of periodontal disease workbook

Epithelial cells create a physical barrier against plaque microorganisms by being tightly connected, keratinized, and forming a permeable barrier.

When junctional epithelium changes to pocket-lining epithelium, it develops micro-ulcerations and becomes leaky, weakening its protective function.

Cells within the junctional epithelium release cytokines and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) to initiate an inflammatory response in the gum tissue.

These macrophages are part of the host's defense system, releasing substances to fight infection.

Saliva plays a role in oral health, but the specific details are not provided in the given text.

Saliva prevents oral tissues from drying out and has antimicrobial properties, impacting bacterial attachment and swallowing.

Saliva's antimicrobial properties include its role in swallowing bacteria and secreting salivary IgA which affect bacterial attachment and swallowing.

The highly specialized immune response targeting a particular pathogen due to immunological memory.

An adaptive immune response where antibodies are produced against extracellular pathogens.

An immune response activated when innate immunity is ineffective, highly specific to pathogens, and has immunological memory.

One of two main mechanisms of the adaptive immune response, focusing on eliminating pathogens directly.

Disease-causing agents.

A specific molecule that triggers an immune response.

The ability of the immune system to remember past encounters with pathogens.

Proteins produced by the immune system to fight against specific pathogens.

A microbial infection triggering a host inflammatory response, leading to progressive periodontal ligament and alveolar bone destruction.

Organized microbial community embedded in a glycocalyx (slime layer) on oral surfaces.

A complex mixture of organic (polysaccharides, proteins, glycoproteins, lipids) and inorganic (calcium, sodium, phosphorus, potassium) components.

A multi-step process involving initial colonization, maturation, and biofilm development.

The oral cavity's defenses against bacteria, including innate (immediate) and acquired (developed) immune responses.

Signaling molecules involved in the immune response

Lipid molecules, play a crucial role in inflammation.

Enzymes which break down organic and tissue components

Factors contributing to the start of periodontitis, often microbial or host related.

An attribute of a microorganism that helps it cause infection and illness.

The study of the bacteria and microorganisms involved periodontal disease.